American playwright. Born in New York. He dropped out of Harvard University when World War I broke out. After making his debut with the comedy The Passage to Rome (1927), which depicted the Carthaginian general Hannibal's invasion of Rome, he demonstrated his critical stance against war through works such as Fools' Joy (1936), which depicted various human reactions to the outbreak of World War II. He also published Petrified Forest (1935), a melodramatic portrayal of people frustrated by turbulent social conditions, Night Will Never Come Again (1940), which deals with the relationship between Russia's invasion of Finland and liberal thought, and Lincoln in Illinois (1938), which depicts Lincoln in his youth. He also wrote the biography Roosevelt and Hopkins (1948) and the screenplay for the Academy Award-winning film The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), directed by W. Wyler. He has won the Pulitzer Prize four times. [Fumiaki Ariga] "Roosevelt and Hopkins, translated by Mitsuhiko Murakami, 2 volumes (1957, Misuzu Shobo)" [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの劇作家。ニューヨーク生まれ。ハーバード大学在学中に第一次世界大戦が起こったため中退。カルタゴの将軍ハンニバルのローマ進撃を扱った喜劇『ローマへの道』(1927)でデビューしたあと、第二次世界大戦勃発(ぼっぱつ)をめぐるさまざまな人間の反応を描いた『愚者の喜び』(1936)などの作品を通じて戦争批判の姿勢を示した。そのほか、激動する社会状況のもとで挫折(ざせつ)する人間をメロドラマ風に描いた『化石の森』(1935)、ロシアのフィンランド侵略と自由主義思想の関係を扱った『夜はもうこない』(1940)、青春時代のリンカーンを描いた『イリノイ州時代のリンカーン』(1938)を発表。ほかに伝記『ルーズベルトとホプキンズ』(1948)、アカデミー脚本賞を受けたW・ワイラー監督の映画『我等(われら)の生涯の最良の年』(1946)のシナリオがある。ピュリッツァー賞を四度受賞している。 [有賀文康] 『村上光彦訳『ルーズヴェルトとホプキンズ』全2巻(1957・みすず書房)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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