An order of the class Aves. This order, Galliformes, includes birds such as pheasants, quails, partridges, turkeys, and ptarmigans, and is divided into four families: Megapodiidae, Cracidae, Phasianidae, and Opisthocomidae. Some people further divide Phasianidae into Tetraonidae, Phasianidae in the strict sense, Numididae, and Meleagrididae. The taxonomic status of the Hoatzinidae, which consists of one genus and one species, is unclear, and it may become an independent order or be placed in a different order in the future. With the exception of the Hoatzin, birds in this order are adapted to life on the ground, and in fact most species are true ground dwellers. The external characteristics of the Galliformes include a short, strong beak and strong legs, and the skeletal structure of the sternum is unique. Although they also consume a fair amount of animal matter, their diet is primarily vegetable matter, and their digestive systems are adapted to a plant-based diet, as evidenced by their well-developed gizzard and appendix. The Galliformes, excluding the Hoatzin, are a relatively well-organized taxonomic group. However, the relationships with other orders are unclear. Among land birds, the Galliformes are probably a very ancient group that differentiated and may also be a primitive group. [Hiroyuki Morioka] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鳥綱の1目。この目Galliformesは、キジ、ウズラ、シャコ、シチメンチョウ、ライチョウなどの仲間よりなり、ツカツクリ科Megapodiidae、ホウカンチョウ科Cracidae、キジ科Phasianidae、ツメバケイ科Opisthocomidaeの4科に分類される。なお、人によっては、キジ科をさらにライチョウ科Tetraonidae、狭義のキジ科、ホロホロチョウ科Numididae、シチメンチョウ科Meleagrididaeに分ける。このうち、1属1種で構成されているツメバケイ科は、分類的地位がはっきりせず、将来独立の目となるか、別の目に入れられるかも知れない。ツメバケイを除くと、この目の鳥は地上生活に適応していて、事実大部分の種は真の地上生活者である。キジ目の特徴は、外形態では短くじょうぶな嘴(くちばし)と強い足とがあげられ、骨格では胸骨の形態などに特異点がある。食性は、動物質もかなりとるが、主食は植物質で、砂嚢(さのう)や盲腸が発達しているように、消化系も植物食に適応している。ツメバケイを除いたキジ目は、比較的よくまとまった分類群である。しかし、他の目との類縁関係は明らかではない。陸生の鳥のなかでは、キジ目はおそらく非常に古くに分化したもので、また原始的な群(ぐん)でもあろう。 [森岡弘之] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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