A state (1500-99) established by the Uzbeks in the 16th century with Samarkand or Bukhara as its capital. It was named after Shayban, the fifth son of Genghis Khan's son Jochi. The Uzbeks unified the Kipchak steppe during the time of Abul Khair Khan (1412-68), but his grandson Shaybani Khan (1451-1510) occupied Samarkand (1500) and Herat (1507), and established a state that ruled over Western Turkestan and Khorasan, replacing the Timurid dynasty. The golden age of the dynasty was during the time of Abdullah Khan (1533/34-1598), who defeated rival forces within the country to strengthen the power of the khan and expand his territory through foreign invasions, while also working to improve domestic affairs by establishing a monetary system and undertaking public works. However, after his death the state collapsed and was replaced by the Jahn dynasty (1599-1785). [Toru Horikawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ウズベク人が16世紀に、サマルカンドあるいはブハラを首都として建設した国家(1500~99)。チンギス・ハンの子ジュチの第5子シャイバンを始祖とするためにこの名でよばれる。ウズベク人は、アブール・ハイル・ハン(1412―68)のときに、キプチャク草原において統一を果たしたが、その孫のシャイバーニー・ハン(1451―1510)は、サマルカンド(1500)、ヘラート(1507)を占領し、ティームール朝にかわって、西トルキスタンからホラサーンを支配する国家を打ち立てた。王朝の黄金期は、アブドゥラー・ハン(1533/34―1598)の時代で、彼は国内の対抗勢力を討ってハン権力を強化し、外征によって領土を拡大する一方、貨幣制度を整え、公共事業をおこすなど内政の充実に努めた。しかし、彼の死後国家は崩壊し、ジャーン朝(1599~1785)にかわられた。 [堀川 徹] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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