Rahman, Mujibur

Japanese: ラーマン（英語表記）Rahman， Mujibur

Born: March 17, 1920, Faridpur, Bengal
Died: August 15, 1975. Dhaka. Bangladeshi politician. While studying at Dhaka University, he led a student movement and was imprisoned. In 1949, he participated in the founding of the Awami League, and served as its general secretary from 1953 to 1966. In the 1954 East Pakistan provincial assembly election, he worked hard to form a united front, defeating the Muslim League. He studied under H. Suhrawardy, and when the Awami League was in danger of splitting up in 1957, he resigned as provincial minister of trade and industry to work to rebuild it, and in 1966 he became the league's president. In the same year, he proposed the "Six Points for Expanding Autonomy," which led to Bangladesh's independence, and was arrested on suspicion of sedition. In the December 1970 constituent assembly election, the Awami League became the largest party, but when President AM Yahia Khan indefinitely postponed the constituent assembly in March 1971, he called for a general strike. Military oppression led to civil war, and he was arrested and sentenced to death in August. However, after the birth of the new nation of Bangladesh in January 1972, he was released and returned to Bangladesh, where he became Prime Minister. He advocated his own form of socialism and non-alignment, and was close to India and the Soviet Union. In addition to war damage and natural disasters, corruption in the government and ruling party led to political and economic instability in the country, and in December 1974 he declared a state of emergency. In January 1975, he amended the constitution to adopt a presidential system, and took office as president, seizing full power and attempting to improve the situation, but was killed in a military coup in August.

Rahman
Rahman, Ziaur

Born: 1935. Shilhet, East Bengal
[Died] May 30, 1981, Chittagong Bangladeshi soldier and politician. Volunteered for the Pakistan Army at the age of 17. On March 26, 1971, when the Bangladesh War of Independence began, he was the commander of the Chittagong regiment, but decided to join the war, occupied the Chittagong Broadcasting Station, and was one of the first to declare Bangladesh's independence. He organized the Mukti Bahini and continued guerilla warfare, and was hailed as a hero of the war of independence. After independence, he was promoted to Deputy Chief of Army Staff in 1972 and Major General in 1973. After the August 1975 coup, he was appointed Chief of Army Staff by President KM Ahmed. On November 3, he was temporarily imprisoned in a counter-coup by the M. Rahman faction, but on the 7th he led a successful counter-coup. He was appointed Chief of Staff by President A. Sayem, and became the de facto supreme leader. In November 1976, he became the Commander-in-Chief of Martial Law, and his position as a leader was firmly established. He was inaugurated as President on April 21, 1977. He received overwhelming support in a national referendum held at the end of May, and in September 1978, he formed a new ruling party, the Nationalist Party, which he became its chairman. The party won a landslide victory in the general election in February 1979. In 1981, he was assassinated by the rebel army of Major General M. Ahmed.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1920.3.17. ベンガル，ファリドプール
[没]1975.8.15. ダッカ
バングラデシュの政治家。ダッカ大学在学中，学生運動を指導，投獄された。 1949年アワミ連盟創設に参加，53～66年同連盟書記長。 54年の東パキスタン州議会選挙で統一戦線結成に尽力し，ムスリム連盟を破った。 H.スラワルディに師事し，57年のアワミ連盟分裂の危機に際しては州政府通産相を辞任してその再建に努め，66年同連盟総裁となった。同年バングラデシュ独立の原因になる「自治権拡大6項目」を提唱，反乱容疑で逮捕された。 70年 12月の制憲議会選挙でアワミ連盟は第一党になったが，A.M.ヤヒア・カーン大統領が 71年3月制憲議会を無期延期したため，ゼネストを呼びかけた。軍の弾圧で内戦となり，逮捕され，8月には死刑判決を受けたが，新国家バングラデシュ誕生後の 72年1月釈放されて帰国し，首相に就任。独自の社会主義と非同盟主義をとり，インド，ソ連と親密であった。戦災と自然災害に加えて，政府，与党の腐敗のため，国内の政治，経済が不安定となり，74年 12月非常事態を宣言。 75年1月憲法を改正して大統領制をとり，みずから大統領に就任，全権を掌握して事態の改善をはかったが，8月軍のクーデターで殺害された。

ラーマン
Rahman， Ziaur

[生]1935. 東ベンガル，シルヘット
[没]1981.5.30. チッタゴン
バングラデシュの軍人，政治家。 17歳でパキスタン陸軍に志願。 71年3月 26日バングラデシュ独立戦争開始時には，チッタゴン連隊の指揮官であったが，独立戦争への参加を決意，チッタゴン放送局を占拠して，最初にバングラデシュ独立を宣言した一人となった。ムクチ＝バヒニを組織してゲリラ戦を続け，独立戦争の英雄とうたわれた。独立後は 72年陸軍副参謀長，73年少将に昇進。 75年8月のクーデター後，K.M.アーメッド大統領により陸軍参謀長に任命された。 11月3日に M.ラーマン派の逆クーデターで一時監禁されたが，同7日には対抗クーデターに成功。 A.サエム大統領により参謀総長に任命され，事実上の最高指導者となった。 76年 11月戒厳令総司令官となり，指導者としての地位は不動のものとなった。 77年4月 21日大統領に就任。5月末の国民投票では圧倒的支持を得，78年9月新与党「民族主義党」を結成，議長に就任，79年2月の総選挙で圧勝した。 81年 M.アハメド少将の反乱軍により暗殺された。

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