This is an infectious disease caused by the distemper virus that mainly affects animals of the canid and mustelid families. It mainly infects puppies. The virus is a member of the myxovirus group, 20-22 nm in size, and remains infectious for 2-3 days at normal temperatures. The excrement, especially nasal discharge, is highly infectious for 2-3 days after infection, and is transmitted through food and drink containers, clothing of people who have come into contact with the disease, or by droplets. After a 3-5 day incubation period, the patient develops a high fever for 2-3 days, which then subsides and then returns to a high fever for 2-3 days. The patient becomes sluggish and dehydrated. Except in very mild cases, acute catarrhal symptoms appear 10-15 days after infection, affecting the conjunctiva and respiratory tract, and causing watery discharge from the nose and eyes. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, and thickening of the palms of the feet, and neurological symptoms such as convulsions also appear. A live vaccine is effective for prevention. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ジステンパーウイルスによって主としてイヌ科,イタチ科の動物を侵す伝染病。おもに子犬に感染する。ウイルスはミクソウイルス群の一種で,20~22nmの大きさで,普通の気温では2~3日間感染力を保持している。感染後2~3日間の排泄物,特に鼻汁が強い伝染力をもち,飲食物の容器,接した人の衣類などを介して,あるいは飛沫によって伝染する。3~5日の潜伏期ののち2~3日間の高熱,その後いったん熱が下がったあとで再び発熱し2~3日間続く。動きが鈍くなり,脱水状態になる。ごく軽症の場合を除いて,感染後 10~15日で急性のカタル症状が現れ,眼の結膜や呼吸器が侵され,鼻や眼から水様の分泌物が出る。嘔吐や下痢,趾掌の肥厚が認められ,痙攣などの神経症状も現れる。予防には生ワクチンが有効である。
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