This refers mainly to the anti-Christian movement that occurred in China in the latter half of the 19th century. In China, all incidents related to Christianity, including this movement, are called Kyoan. After the Opium Wars (1840-42), the Qing Dynasty gave in to the strong demands of France and allowed the Chinese to practice Catholicism (Christianity), but this was not a high-handed measure that officially recognized religious freedom. As a result, it was not possible to fully suppress the anti-Christian thoughts that were firmly present among the people, and some European missionaries, taking advantage of the new status that the great powers had gained in China, tended to act tyrannically and ignorantly, so all kinds of anti-Christian riots broke out frequently in various places. The excuse given for the riots was often that the church was cutting off parts of children's bodies and using them for medicinal purposes, but this was because the church was putting too much effort into running orphanages. Particularly famous among these incidents are the murder of a French missionary in Guangxi Province in 1856, the incidents in Sichuan Province in 1865 and 1899, the Yangzhou incident in which British Protestant missionaries were attacked in 1868, the Tianjin incident in 1870 in which a French consul was also killed, and the incidents in the Yangtze River basin in 1891, and the Boxer Rebellion from 1899 to 1900 can be said to be the final event of the series. While the early anti-Christianity movement generally had a strong tendency to be anti-church, anti-missionary, and anti-believers, it can be seen that from around the incident of 1891 it went beyond mere anti-Christianity and transformed into an anti-Great Powers, anti-imperialist movement. [Toshihiko Yazawa] "China and Christianity" by Toshihiko Yazawa (1972, Kondo Publishing) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
主として19世紀の後半に中国で発生した反キリスト教運動をさす。中国では、この運動をも含めてすべてのキリスト教関係の事件を教案(きょうあん)とよんでいる。アヘン戦争(1840~42)後、清(しん)国はフランスの強硬な要求に負けて中国人の天主教(キリスト教)奉信を認めはしたが、これは信教の自由を公認するという高所から出た措置ではなかった。そのため、国民の間に厳然として存在した反キリスト教思想を十分に抑制することができなかったし、またヨーロッパ宣教師も、ややもすれば列強が新たに中国に獲得した地位を背景にして、横暴、無知な態度に出る者があったので、各地であらゆる種類の反キリスト教暴動が頻発した。暴動の口実として、教会が小児の肉体の一部を切り取って、これを薬用に供しているということがよくあげられたが、これは、教会が孤児院の経営にあまりにも力を入れたからであった。これらの事件のうちでとくに有名なのは、1856年の広西省におけるフランス宣教師殺害事件、65年と99年の四川(しせん)省における事件、68年のイギリス・プロテスタント宣教師襲撃の揚州教案、フランス領事をも殺した70年の天津(てんしん)教案、91年の揚子江(ようすこう)流域一帯の教案があり、99年から1900年にかけての義和団事件はその総決算ともいうべきものである。初期の仇教運動には一般的に反教会、反宣教師、反信者の傾向が濃いのに対して、1891年の事件あたりから、単なる反キリスト教の域を超えて、反列強、反帝国主義の運動に転化していることが認められる。 [矢澤利彦] 『矢澤利彦著『中国とキリスト教』(1972・近藤出版社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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