Limnology

Japanese: 陸水学 - りくすいがく
Limnology

A general term for the study of inland water. If the Earth's surface is broadly divided into land and sea, inland water refers to water that exists on land, i.e., water that is surrounded by land. Most of it is fresh water, but inland water also includes salt lakes, brackish lakes that mix with seawater, and estuaries. Inland water comes in a variety of forms, including permanent lakes, rivers, and groundwater, as well as temporary puddles and rice fields. However, up until now, lakes and rivers have been the main subjects of research. In addition to phenomena related to water itself, such as water quality and water movement, it also covers the geology surrounding the water, current and past geography, and the organisms that live in and around the water. In other words, while the various sciences related to inland water, such as physics, chemistry, biology, and geology, have their own themes, research is being conducted while complementing each other. Furthermore, while freshwater in particular is extremely important for human life as drinking water and for various other uses, the amount of freshwater that exists on Earth is extremely limited, and so the role of this science in applied applications is considered important in relation to the progression of water pollution and water shortages. Related academic organizations include the Japanese Society of Limnology in Japan and the International Society of Theoretical and Applied Limnology (SIL) internationally.

[Nao Watanabe]

"History of Limnology" by Ueno Masuzo (1977, Baifukan Publishing)""An Invitation to Limnology" by Hantani Takahisa (1980, Tokai University Press)""Easy Limnology: Groundwater, River, and Lake Environments" by Iida Sadao (1997, Bunka Shobo Hakubunsha)""Limnology" by A.J. Horn and C.R. Goldman, translated by Tezuka Yasuhiko (1999, Kyoto University Press)"

[Reference] | Salt lake | River | Brackish lake | Lake | Groundwater | Inland water

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

陸水を対象とする学問の総称。地球表面を陸と海とに大きく分けた場合、陸に存在する水域、すなわち陸地に囲まれた水域は陸水とよばれ、その大部分は淡水(真水)であるが、塩湖や海水と混合する汽水湖、河口域なども含めて陸水とよんでいる。その存在形態は多様で、恒常的な湖沼・河川や地下水のほか、一時的な水たまりや水田なども陸水域に含まれる。しかし、現在までのところ湖沼と河川が中心的な研究対象となっている。水質や水の動きなどの水そのものにかかわる現象だけではなく、水域をめぐる地質や現在および過去の地理、水域とその周辺に生息する生物なども含めて扱われる。すなわち、陸水域に関連した物理学、化学、生物学、地質学などの諸科学が独自の主題をもちつつも、互いに補完しあいながら研究が進められている。また、とりわけ淡水は飲料水をはじめとする種々の用水として人間生活にとってきわめて重要なものでありながら、地球上に存在する量がきわめて限られているため、水質汚染の進行や水不足とも関連してこの学問の応用面での役割が重要視されている。関係する学術団体として国内には日本陸水学会が、国際的には国際理論応用陸水学会(SIL)がある。

[渡辺 直]

『上野益三著『陸水学史』(1977・培風館)』『半谷高久著『陸水学への招待』(1980・東海大学出版会)』『飯田貞夫著『やさしい陸水学 地下水・河川・湖沼の環境』(1997・文化書房博文社)』『A・J・ホーン、C・R・ゴールドマン著、手塚泰彦訳『陸水学』(1999・京都大学学術出版会)』

[参照項目] | 塩湖 | | 汽水湖 | 湖沼 | 地下水 | 陸水

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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