Shikong tu - Shikong tu

A literary critic of the late Tang Dynasty in China. His pen name was Biaoseong. He was born in Hezhong (Shanxi Province). He rose to the position of Zhizheng, a position that allowed him to draft imperial edicts, but later he retreated to his hometown of Nakajoyama to avoid political turmoil. He is said to have died of starvation after hearing that Aidi, the last emperor of the Tang Dynasty, had been killed. Although he excelled in poems that described landscapes of mountains and rivers, he is better known as the author of a volume of poetry criticism titled Twenty-Four Poems. This book divides the flavor of poetry into 24 categories, each of which is accompanied by a critique in the form of a four-line poem. As can be seen from the emphasis on "flavor," it has a very idealistic color. He became a pioneer of symbolic poetry criticism in China. He is the author of the Sikong Biaosheng Ji (Collection of Writings), which consists of 10 volumes of essays and 5 volumes of poetry.

[Kazuo Noguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、晩唐の文学批評家。字(あざな)は表聖(ひょうせい)。河中(かちゅう)（山西省）の出身。官界での地位は皇帝の詔勅を起草する知制誥(ちせいこう)にまで至ったが、のち政乱を避けて郷里の中条山に隠棲(いんせい)し、唐最後の皇帝哀帝が殺されたと聞くと食を絶って死んだという。山水の風景を描写した詩に優れるが、むしろ詩の批評書『二十四詩品(にじゅうししひん)』1巻の著者として知られる。これは詩の味わいを24の品第(ほんだい)に分かち、それぞれに四言(よんごん)の詩による批評を付したもので、「韻味」を重視したことからうかがえるように甚だ唯心主義的な色彩が濃い。以降の中国における象徴的詩評の先駆的存在となった。『司空表聖集』（文集10巻、詩集5巻）を存する。

［野口一雄］

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