An alloy used in plain bearings that support a rotating shaft on a fixed surface. It is required to have good thermal conductivity, a small coefficient of thermal expansion, and high compressive strength and high-temperature hardness. It wears over time and must be inspected, adjusted, and replaced regularly. This type of alloy is classified into cast and sintered. Cast materials have been used for a long time and have a very soft phase dispersed in a hard matrix. A typical example is white metal, a low-melting-point white alloy containing lead, antimony, bismuth, tin, cadmium, zinc, etc. (One example is Babbitt metal). Copper-lead castings containing 25-40% lead and gunmetal (copper alloy with 1-9% zinc and 10% tin) are also commonly used. One type of bearing that has come into use relatively recently is oil-impregnated sintered materials. These are made by sintering bronze (copper alloy containing about 10% tin) powder or iron (containing about 3% carbon) powder, and impregnating the gaps with 15-30% by volume of lubricating oil. It is relatively strong and does not require the addition of oil, so it is used in places where it is difficult to refuel or where oil splashing must be avoided. [Hiroshi Oikawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
回転する軸を固定した面で支持する平軸受に使用される合金。熱伝導性がよく、熱膨張率が小さく、圧縮強さ、高温硬さなどの大きいことが要求される。長時間使用に伴い摩耗するので定期的に点検、調整、交換する必要がある。この種の合金は鋳造材と焼結材に分類される。鋳造材は古くから使用されているもので、硬質母相にきわめて軟らかい相が分散している。その代表例はホワイトメタルと称される鉛、アンチモン、ビスマス、スズ、カドミウム、亜鉛などを含む低融点の白色合金(バビットメタルとよばれるものがその一例)である。そのほか鉛を25~40%含む銅‐鉛鋳物や砲金(亜鉛1~9%、スズ10%の銅合金)もよく用いられる。比較的近年になって用いられるようになった軸受に含油型焼結材がある。これは青銅(スズ約10%含有銅合金)粉末あるいは鉄(炭素約3%含有)粉末を焼き固め、その空隔部に潤滑油を15~30体積%しみ込ませたものである。その強度も比較的高く、油を注ぎ足す必要がないので、給油困難な場所、油の飛散を避ける必要のある場所などに使用される。 [及川 洪] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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