This refers to soldiers who are not permanent members of the military but serve in the military for a certain period of time of their own free will; this system is called a volunteer system. In contrast to this, there is a compulsory conscription system (conscription system). Eastern countries and a considerable number of Western countries have conscription systems. The major countries that have an all-volunteer system are the United Kingdom (since 1960) and Japan, and the United States has also adopted a volunteer system as a rule since 1974. Many countries that have conscription also use a volunteer system. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
軍の恒常的な構成員ではないが,個人の自由意志によって,一定の期間軍に服務する兵員をいい,このような制度を志願兵制という。これと対比するものとして,強制義務的な徴兵制がある(徴兵制度)。東側諸国と,かなり多くの西側諸国は,徴兵制をとっている。全志願兵制をとっている主要国はイギリス(1960以降),日本で,アメリカも1974年以降は志願兵制を原則としている。徴兵制をとっている国でも,志願兵制を併用している国が多い。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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