Taxila is a ruined city located in northern Pakistan, north of Islamabad. The ruins were registered as a World Heritage Site in 1980 (World Cultural Heritage). In Sanskrit it is called Takaśilā, in Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures it is called Tokshasili or Tokshasila, and in Xuanzang's Records of the Western Regions it is called Shasila (country). It was the commercial, transportation, political and academic center of ancient northwestern India, and it is said that during the Mauryan period, Kunara, a prince of King Ashoka, ruled the city as governor. There are many ruins in Taxila, but after 1912, the Archaeological Service of India, led by Sir John Hubert Marshall (1876-1958) of the UK, excavated the remains of the capital city and Buddhist temples, making a great contribution to the elucidation of the culture of northwestern India from the Mauryan to the Kushan dynasties. The capital city sites of Biri Mound (Mauryan period) and Sirkap (Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian, Indo-Parthian) have been excavated, but the Kushan period site of Sirsukh has not yet been excavated. Numerous Buddhist temple sites have been excavated, including the Dharmarajika Stupa, founded by King Ashoka, and Jauryan, and the Buddha statues and artefacts excavated from the capital city site are housed at the Taxila Museum. [Tanabe Katsumi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
パキスタン北部、イスラマバード北方にある都市遺跡。この遺跡は1980年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。サンスクリット語ではTakaśilā、漢訳仏典などでは特叉尸利、得叉始羅、玄奘(げんじょう)の『大唐西域(さいいき)記』では叉始羅(国)と記されている。古代西北インドの商業、交通、政治、学術の中心地で、マウリヤ朝時代にはアショカ王の王子、クナーラが総督として統治していたともいわれる。タキシラには多くの遺跡があるが、1912年以後、イギリスのJ・マーシャルSir John Hubert Marshall(1876―1958)が指揮したインド考古局が、都城址(とじょうし)、仏教寺院址を発掘し、マウリヤ朝からクシャン朝に及ぶ西北インドの文化解明に多大の貢献をした。都城址はビリ・マウンド(マウリヤ朝時代)、シルカップ(インド・グリーク、インド・スキタイ、インド・パルティア)が発掘されたが、クシャン朝時代のシルスフ遺跡は未発掘である。仏教寺院址としては、アショカ王創建のダルマラージカ仏塔、ジャウリヤーンなど多数発掘され、出土した仏像および都城址出土の工芸品はタキシラ博物館に収蔵されている。 [田辺勝美] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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