Shikhara (English spelling)

Japanese: シカラ(英語表記)sikhara
Shikhara (English spelling)
A distinctive superstructure (tall tower, roof) seen in the vimana (main hall) of Hindu and Jain temples in India. Shikhara means summit in Sanskrit. (1) Nagara-type temples have a high tower with a bullet-like silhouette on a square plan, topped by an amarasaraka (a fluted cushion-like disk) and a kalasha (a water jar-like top ornament). Some stand alone, while others have small towers around them. (2) Dravidian-type temples have a pyramidal tower with a multi-layered square roof, topped by a stupika (a dome-shaped roof with a square, polygonal, or horseshoe-shaped plan). (3) Vesala-type temples have a relatively low tower with a multi-layered roof with a square or star-shaped plan, topped by a stupika. In the cases of (2) and (3), often only the stupika on top is called the shikara.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
インドのヒンドゥー教やジャイナ教寺院のビマーナ (本殿) にみられる特徴的な上部構造 (高塔,屋根) 。シカラはサンスクリット語で頂の意。 (1) ナガラ型建築の寺院では,方形プランの上に砲弾状のシルエットをもつ高塔と,その頂部に載るアーマラサーラカ (縦溝のあるクッション状の円盤) ,カラシャ (水瓶状の頂飾) などから成る。単独にそびえるもののほか,周囲に小塔を伴う形式もある。 (2) ドラビダ型建築の寺院では,方形の屋根が重層したピラミッド状の塔と,その頂部に載るストゥーピカ (方形,多角形,馬蹄形などのプランをもつドーム状の屋根) とから成る。 (3) ベーサラ型建築の寺院では,凹凸の多い方形または星形プランをもつ屋根が重層した比較的低い塔と,その頂部に載るストゥーピカとから成る。なお (2) (3) の場合には,頂部のストゥーピカだけをシカラと呼ぶことも多い。

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