It is often abbreviated to subway. It is a railway laid underground under streets and the railway within a city that is integrated with it. It has features such as easing road congestion, mass transportation by high-speed operation, eliminating noise and preserving the beauty of the city, but construction is difficult and expensive. The first subway was built in London in 1863, about 6 km long, but it had many restrictions because it was operated by steam locomotives. In 1890, operation by electric locomotives began, and it opened in Paris in 1900, Berlin in 1902, and New York in 1904. In Japan, the first subway in Asia opened in Tokyo in 1927, running 2.2 km between Ueno and Asakusa. It was extended successively after that, and Osaka was also opened, but after World War II, the trend of population concentration in large metropolitan areas increased, and long-term plans for new construction and construction are underway in major cities, and there are many cases of mutual use with suburban electric railways to facilitate commuter transportation. As of April 2013, a total of 729.0 km of subway lines are in operation in nine cities (Tokyo, Sapporo, Sendai, Yokohama, Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, and Fukuoka), including lines operated by the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (Tokyo Metro since 2004). Subway construction is carried out using open-cut construction, caisson construction, and shield construction methods, and is equipped with drainage, ventilation, and fire prevention facilities. The track structure uses a concrete roadbed, and some current collection is by third rail. The car bodies are also fully fireproof, and sufficient safety considerations are taken into account, such as automatic train control devices. → Related topicsStreet railways Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
地下鉄と略称することが多い。街路などの地下に敷設された鉄道およびこれと一体をなす都市内の鉄道。道路交通の混雑緩和,高速運転による大量輸送,騒音の排除と都市美観の保持などの特長があるが,工事がむずかしく建設費が高い。1863年ロンドンに建設された約6kmのものが最初であるが,蒸気機関車による運転のため多くの制約があった。1890年には電気機関車による運転が開始され,1900年にパリ,1902年にベルリン,1904年にニューヨークで開通した。日本では1927年東京の上野〜浅草間2.2kmにアジア最初の地下鉄が開通した。以後逐次延長され,大阪でも開通をみたが,第2次大戦後,大都市圏への人口集中傾向の増大から,主要都市で新設・整備の長期計画が進んでおり,特に通勤輸送円滑化のため郊外電鉄との相互乗入れを行う例が多くなっている。2013年4月現在,帝都高速度交通営団(2004年より東京メトロ)の路線をはじめ9都市(東京,札幌,仙台,横浜,名古屋,京都,大阪,神戸,福岡)で,総営業キロ729.0kmが運営されている。地下鉄の建設工事は,地上から掘削する開削工法,ケーソン工法,シールド工法などで行われ,排水・換気・防火設備などの完備を図る。軌道構造はコンクリート道床を用い,集電はサードレールによるものがある。また車体は完全防火構造とし,自動列車制御装置など保安上の配慮が十分になされる。 →関連項目市街鉄道 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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