April Revolution - Shiga Tsukumei

Japanese: 四月革命 - しがつかくめい

A series of popular uprisings in April 1960 that toppled the Syngman Rhee government in South Korea. It is also called the April 19 Student Revolution. The background to the widespread public response was the crisis in the Korean economy caused by the change in the US policy toward South Korea from grant aid to financial aid in the late 1950s. The direct trigger was the death of high school student Kim Ju-ryol by a tear gas grenade fired by police at a demonstration in Masan on March 15 of that year, which denounced fraud in the presidential election. When his body was discovered on April 11, a second demonstration broke out in Masan, and the unrest spread throughout the country. On April 19, more than 20,000 students and citizens seeking to overthrow the government stormed the presidential palace, but the martial law army's crackdown resulted in the deaths of more than 180 people nationwide (Bloody Tuesday). On the 25th, a group of 400 professors from 27 universities across the country demonstrated, and Syngman Rhee announced his resignation the following day, the 26th. After that, the Heo Jeong transitional government was succeeded by the Chang Myon government, but it was thwarted by the May 16 military coup led by Park Chung-hee in 1961. The period up to this point is sometimes referred to as the April Revolution.
→ Related articleYun [Fu] Sun | Republic of Korea

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

韓国で1960年４月，李承晩政権を打倒した一連の民衆蜂起。〈四・一九学生革命〉ともいう。広範な民衆が呼応した背景には，1950年代末，米国が対韓政策を無償贈与から有償援助へ変更したことによる韓国経済の危機的状況があげられる。直接の契機は同年３月15日，大統領選挙の不正を糾弾する馬山のデモで，高校生金朱烈が警察の催涙弾で死亡した事件。４月11日にその死体が発見されると馬山では第２次デモが起こり，騒乱は全国へと波及した。政権打倒をめざす２万人以上の学生と市民は４月19日大統領官邸へ押し寄せたが，戒厳軍の弾圧で全国で180名余の死者が出た（血の火曜日）。25日に全国27大学400人の大学教授団がデモを展開，李承晩は翌26日下野を声明した。その後，許政過渡政権を経て張勉政権が発足するが，1961年朴正煕らの五・一六軍事クーデタにより挫折。ここまでの１年間余りをさして〈四月革命〉と呼ぶ場合もある。
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