It is a collection of assets that are combined for a specific purpose. There are two types of foundations: first, general incorporated foundations recognized by the Act on General Incorporated Associations and General Incorporated Foundations (Act No. 48 of 2006) (Article 152 and following). A foundation is a collection of assets that is recognized as the subject of rights based on the law. Among general incorporated foundations, those that are recognized as public-interest entities by the Act on the Certification of Public Interest Incorporated Associations and Public Interest Incorporated Foundations (Act No. 49 of 2006) are public interest incorporated foundations. Secondly, under the Civil Code, when the existence of an heir is unknown, an inheritance property corporation is recognized (Article 951), which regards the inheritance property as a kind of foundation, makes it the subject of rights and obligations, and has the inheritance property liquidated. Thirdly, under the Civil Code, with regard to inheritance, the property of the deceased becomes independent through qualified acceptance (Article 922 and following) or separation of property (Article 941), and in effect it becomes a foundation. Fourth, as a special law of the Civil Code, factory foundations and railway foundations based on the Factory Mortgage Law, Railway Mortgage Law, etc., can receive financing by integrating real estate, movable property and other assets into a mortgage. In addition, the Bankruptcy Law stipulates that the assets of a bankrupt person are treated as a bankruptcy estate, and that this is the subject of rights and obligations when liquidating assets. [Ken Kawai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
特定の目的のために結合された財産の集合体をいう。財団の種類としては、第一に、一般社団法人及び一般財団法人に関する法律(平成18年法律第48号)によって認められる一般財団法人がある(同法152条以下)。財団法人とは、財産の集合体で法律に基づいて権利の主体となることが認められるものである。一般財団法人のうち、公益社団法人及び公益財団法人の認定等に関する法律(平成18年法律第49号)によって公益性が認められる法人は公益財団法人である。第二に、民法上、相続人の存在が不明のときに、相続財産法人が認められるが(951条)、それは相続財産を一種の財団とみて、これを権利義務の主体とし、相続財産の清算をさせようとするものである。第三に、民法上、相続に関し、限定承認(922条以下)や財産分離(941条)により、被相続人の財産が独立性をもつことにより、実質的にそれは財団となる。第四に、民法の特別法として、工場抵当法、鉄道抵当法などに基づく工場財団や鉄道財団が、不動産・動産その他の財産を一括して抵当権の対象として金融を受けられることとしている。そのほか、破産法は、破産者の財産を破産財団とし、これを権利義務の主体として財産の整理をすることとしている。 [川井 健] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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