This treaty was concluded in September 1794 between British Foreign Secretary W. Grenville and American envoy J. Jay to resolve issues between the two countries. It is also written as Jay's Treaty. President G. Washington, concerned about a conflict with Britain, sent Jay to London to conclude the treaty, but it caused political turmoil in the country. The contents of the treaty were: (1) opening the Mississippi River to both countries; (2) prohibiting British privateers from resupplying in US waters; (3) payment of American debts owed to British merchants before the Revolutionary War; (4) establishment of a commission to determine the boundary between the United States and British North America; and (5) regulation of West Indian trade. Overall, the treaty was favorable to Britain, and was strongly opposed by various regions and classes in America. Southern planters (large farm owners) in particular were dissatisfied with (3), and strongly opposed it, raising the issue of compensation for runaway black slaves that the British took with them when they retreated after the Revolutionary War. France, "the enemy of Britain," also opposed the treaty, seeing it as a violation of the Treaty of 78, and from 1898 to 1800, the French navy launched attacks on the American coast. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1794年9月イギリス外相 W.グレンビルと,アメリカ代表の特別使節 J.ジェーとの間で両国の懸案を解決するために締結された条約。ジェイ条約とも表記される。 G.ワシントン大統領はイギリスとの紛争が起ることを懸念してジェーをロンドンに派遣し,この条約を結ばせたが,その結果国内に政治的紛糾を巻起した。条約の内容は (1) ミシシッピ川を両国に開放。 (2) 合衆国領海での,イギリスの敵対国私掠船に対する補給の禁止。 (3) 独立戦争以前の,イギリス商人に対するアメリカ人の負債の支払い。 (4) 合衆国とイギリス領北アメリカの境界を決定する委員会の設立。 (5) 西インド貿易の規制。全体にイギリスに有利な条約であり,アメリカでは各地域各層の反対が強かった。特に南部プランター (大農場主) は (3) を不満とし,独立戦争後イギリス軍が撤退時に同伴した逃亡黒人奴隷の補償問題を持出すなど激しく反対した。「イギリスの敵国」であるフランスも同条約を 78年の通商条約に違反するものであるとして反発し,98年から 1800年にわたり,フランス海軍はアメリカ沿岸に攻撃を加えた。
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