This reaction is important in synthetic chemistry, where two molecules of an aldehyde or ketone are polymerized by the catalytic action of a base to produce a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone. These β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds are generally called aldols. Since aldols tend to undergo dehydration reactions and become unsaturated compounds, this reaction is sometimes referred to as aldol condensation. In the case of acetaldehyde, the reaction proceeds as follows: The reduction of this aldol gives 1,3-butanediol, which is dehydrated to give butadiene. Crotonaldehyde can be reduced to n -butyraldehyde or n -butyl alcohol. This reaction can also be carried out with the aid of acid catalysis. When this reaction is carried out between an aromatic aldehyde and an aliphatic aldehyde, aromatic compounds with side chains are synthesized. The mechanism of this reaction is the addition of a carbanion to a carbonyl, and is closely related to the Claisen condensation, the Perkin reaction, and the Knoevenagel condensation. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
2 分子のアルデヒドまたはケトンを塩基の触媒作用によって重合させ,β-ヒドロキシアルデヒドまたは β -ヒドロキシケトンを生成する反応。合成化学上重要である。この β -ヒドロキシカルボニル化合物を一般にアルドール類という。アルドール類は脱水反応を起し,不飽和化合物となりやすいので,これまでを含めてアルドール縮合ということもある。アセトアルデヒドの場合,次のように反応する。 このアルドールを還元すれば 1,3-ブタンジオールとなり,それを脱水すればブタジエンとなる。また,クロトンアルデヒドを還元すれば,n -ブチルアルデヒドあるいは n -ブチルアルコールとなる。この反応は,酸の触媒作用によって行われることもある。芳香族アルデヒドと脂肪族アルデヒドの間でこの反応を行わせると,側鎖をもつ芳香族化合物が合成される。この反応の機構はカルボアニオンがカルボニルへ付加するものであり,クライゼン縮合,パーキン反応,クネフェナゲル縮合などと密接な関係がある。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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