Sanronshu - Sanronshu

A sect (school) of Chinese Buddhism that was introduced to Japan and is counted as one of the Nara Six Schools. It is so named because it is based on three treatises, the Madhyamaka-stra, the Hundred Treatises, and the Twelve Gates Treatise, which discuss emptiness in the Prajnaparamita Sutra. It preaches the idea of ​​not attaining correct insight (observing the Eight Middle Ways that are not bound by emptiness or existence) and of destroying erroneous views and revealing the true truth (breaking down erroneous views and trappings and revealing the correct truth). The Madhyamaka-stra and the Hundred Treatises were written by Nagarjuna of India, and the Hundred Treatises was written by his disciple Devadatta. Both were translated into Chinese by Kumarajiva, who came to Chang'an in 401, and were studied by his disciples. During the Liang dynasty, Seng Lang brought this to Jiangnan, where it was passed down through Seng Xuan, Fa Lang and Ji Zang. Ji Zang was known as the Great Master Jiaxiang, and wrote commentaries on the San Lun theory, such as the Zhong Lun Commentary, the Hundred Lun Commentary, the Twelve Gates Commentary and the San Lun Xiangi, perfecting the teaching of the San Lun theory.

Ekan, a Korean monk who studied under Kiszo, came to Japan in 625 (the 33rd year of the reign of Empress Suiko) and lived at Gangoji Temple, where he taught the teachings of Sanron, which were then popularized by Fukuryo, Chizo, and others. Later, the sect split into the Daianji and Gangoji schools. After the Heian period, the sect was overwhelmed by emerging Buddhism, and although academic research continued, it declined as a sect.

[Takao Maruyama]

“Study on the History of Chinese Prajna Thought by Toshiei Hirai: Kichizo and the Sanron School” (1976, Shunjusha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国仏教の一宗派（学派）で、日本にも伝わり南都六宗の一つに数えられる。『般若経(はんにゃきょう)』の空(くう)を論じた『中論』『百論』『十二門論』の三論に基づくのでこの名がある。無得正観(むとくしょうかん)（空にも有にもとらわれない八不中道(はっぷちゅうどう)を観ずること）、破邪顕正(はじゃけんしょう)（誤った見解、とらわれを打ち破り、正しい道理を顕(あらわ)すこと）を説く。『中論』『十二門論』はインドの龍樹(りゅうじゅ)、『百論』はその弟子提婆(だいば)の著作。いずれも401年に長安にきた鳩摩羅什(くまらじゅう)により漢訳され、門下に研究された。梁(りょう)代に僧朗がこれを江南に伝え、僧詮(そうせん)―法朗(ほうろう)―吉蔵(きちぞう)と受け継がれた。吉蔵は嘉祥大師(かじょうだいし)と称せられ、三論の注釈書『中論疏(しょ)』『百論疏』『十二門論疏』および『三論玄義』などを著して三論の教学を大成した。

　吉蔵に師事した高麗(こうらい)僧の慧灌(えかん)は625年（推古天皇33）に来朝し、元興(がんごう)寺に住して三論の教学を伝え、福亮(ふくりょう)、智蔵(ちぞう)らがこれを広めた。その後、大安(だいあん)寺派と元興寺派に分派した。平安朝以後は新興仏教に押され、学問研究は続いたが宗派としては衰微した。

［丸山孝雄］

『平井俊榮著『中国般若思想史研究――吉蔵と三論学派』（1976・春秋社）』

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