Ii clan

During the Edo period, he was a fudai daimyo (feudal lord) who ruled the Hikone Domain. He lived in Iinoya, Inasa County, Totomi (Shizuoka Prefecture) and called himself the Ii clan. During the Sengoku period, Naomori and his son Naochika served the Imagawa clan, but the founder of the domain, Naomasa (Naochika's son), became a retainer of Tokugawa Ieyasu at the age of 15 in 1575 (Tensho 3) and was given 2,000 koku in Iinoya. After that, he made great contributions in numerous battles, and when Ieyasu entered the Kanto region in 1590, he was given 120,000 koku in Minowa, Kozuke (Gunma Prefecture). In 1600 (Keicho 5), as a reward for his achievements at the Battle of Sekigahara, Ishida Mitsunari was awarded 180,000 koku in Sawayama, Omi (Shiga Prefecture), his castle, and his eldest son Naokatsu built a new castle in Hikone (Hikone City, Shiga Prefecture). However, due to poor health, he was unable to serve in the Winter Siege of Osaka in 1614, so he handed over the family headship to his younger brother Naotaka and was given 30,000 koku in Annaka, Kozuke from the 180,000 koku in Hikone (this family later passed through Nishio, Mikawa, Kakegawa, Totomi, and entered the Yoita Domain in Echigo). Naotaka served Tokugawa Hidetada and distinguished himself in the Summer Siege of Osaka. In 1615 (Genwa 1), he was granted an additional 50,000 koku, bringing his total to 200,000 koku. He then served Tokugawa Iemitsu and Ietsuna, and his fief was increased to 350,000 koku, making him the leading fudai daimyo.

The Ii clan was a family of Tamari no Mazume (a chief priest in the Tamari room), and was appointed as a chief advisor along with the Doi, Sakai, and Hotta clans. Naosumi, Naooki, Naohide, Naoaki, and Naosuke participated in key roles in the Shogunate government as chief advisors. The period of Naonaka, when the Kansei Reforms were implemented, marked a period both economically and culturally in the history of Hikone domain politics. In 1799 (Kansei 11), the Domestic Production Department was established and the monopoly of sales was expanded, while the domain school Keikokan (Keikokan) was opened. In 1862 (Bunkyu 2), during the reign of Naonori, Naosuke's mismanagement was criticized, and his stipend was reduced by 100,000 koku to 250,000 koku.

In 1869 (Meiji 2), he became the governor of the domain when the domain was returned to the Emperor, but was relieved of this position when the domain was abolished in 1871, and was awarded the title of count in 1884.

[Yasuhiko Mori]

"Naokatsu Nakamura, editor, Hikone City History, Vol. 1" (1960, Hikone City)" ▽ "Masataka Hotta, et al., editor, New Edition Kansei Shoshu Shokafu 12" (1965, Zoku Gunsho Ruiju Kanseikai)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代、彦根(ひこね)藩を領有した譜代大名(ふだいだいみょう)。遠江(とおとうみ)（静岡県）引佐(いなさ)郡井伊谷(いいのや)に住み井伊氏を称した。戦国時代、直盛(なおもり)・直親(なおちか)父子は今川氏に仕えたが、藩祖直政(なおまさ)（直親の子）は1575年（天正3）15歳で徳川家康の家臣となり、井伊谷で2000石、その後たびたびの合戦に大功をたて、1590年家康の関東入国に際し、上野(こうずけ)（群馬県）箕輪(みのわ)で12万石を与えられた。1600年（慶長5）関ヶ原の戦功によって石田三成(いしだみつなり)の居城近江(おうみ)（滋賀県）佐和山(さわやま)で18万石を与えられ、嫡子直勝は彦根（滋賀県彦根市）に新城を築いたが、病弱で1614年大坂冬の陣にも出陣できず、家督を弟直孝(なおたか)に譲り、自らは彦根18万石のなかから上野安中(あんなか)で3万石を分与された（この家系はのち三河西尾、遠江掛川を経て越後(えちご)与板(よいた)藩に入封）。直孝は徳川秀忠(ひでただ)に仕え、大坂夏の陣に戦功をたて、1615年（元和1）5万石を加増されて20万石となり、ついで徳川家光(いえみつ)・家綱(いえつな)に仕え、所領も加増され35万石の譜代筆頭大名となった。

　井伊氏は溜間詰(たまりのまづめ)で、土井、酒井、堀田の諸氏とともに大老に任ぜられる家柄であり、直澄(なおすみ)、直興(なおおき)、直幸(なおひで)、直亮(なおあき)、直弼(なおすけ)は大老として幕政の枢機に参与した。彦根藩政史上、経済的にも文化的にも一時期を画したのは、寛政(かんせい)の改革を施行した直中(なおなか)の時代である。1799年（寛政11）には国産方を設置し専売仕法を拡大し、一方、藩校稽古館(けいこかん)を開校した。1862年（文久2）直憲(なおのり)のとき、直弼の失政をとがめられ10万石を削られ25万石となる。

　1869年（明治2）版籍奉還により藩知事、1871年廃藩により免ぜられ、1884年伯爵を授けられた。

［森　安彦］

『中村直勝編『彦根市史　上冊』（1960・彦根市）』▽『堀田正敦等編『新訂　寛政重修諸家譜12』（1965・続群書類従完成会）』

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