Red rice - Sekihan

Japanese: 赤飯 - せきはん
Red rice - Sekihan

This is steamed glutinous rice mixed with azuki beans or cowpeas. From the Edo period to the Meiji period, steamed glutinous rice was called "okowa," and steamed rice with red beans added was called "sekihan." Later, red rice also came to be called "kowameshi" or "okowa." Also, up until the Meiji and Taisho periods, azuki beans were added to cooked non-glutinous rice on the mornings of the 1st, 15th, and 28th of each month. This was called "aka no gohan" or "azuki bean gohan," and was not called "sekihan." Red rice was made to celebrate those days, but because the skin of the azuki beans stimulates the intestines, eating rice with azuki beans three times a month was said to be beneficial for health.

Since the mid-Meiji period, it has become customary to serve red rice at celebrations, especially at shrine festivals and birthday celebrations.

[Tetsunosuke Tada]

How to make it

The original way to make sekihan is by steaming. The amount of azuki beans varies, but it is usually around 10% of the amount of glutinous rice. Wash the azuki beans thoroughly, add water and bring to a boil, then discard the water and add 5 to 6 times the amount of water as the beans. Boil until slightly firm, being careful not to tear the skin, and drain the liquid into a separate container. Wash the glutinous rice and add enough azuki bean boiling water to fully cover the rice, then leave to soak overnight. Drain the rice in a colander, mix with the azuki beans, and place in a steamer. Make a slight depression in the center to allow steam to pass through more easily when steaming. Cover with a lid, place in water that has already risen sufficiently in steam, and steam over high heat for 40 to 50 minutes. After about 15 minutes, sprinkle azuki bean boiling water with a small amount of salt added on top. This is called uchimizu. Roasted black sesame seeds are mixed with salt and sprinkled on top of the red rice. Red rice cooked in a rice cooker is called "takiokowa."

[Tomomi Kono]

Folklore

Generally, red rice is considered to be auspicious food, but in some places on the Japan Sea coast of the Tohoku region and in the western Kanto region, it is considered to be a funeral food. Those who are closely related to the deceased bring one or two tons of red rice and distribute it to all mourners to eat together. In Okinawa, it is called kashichi, and is a gift food during the Bon Festival, and red rice is also used in funeral ceremonies. The reason it is used for both good and bad luck is that eating red rice, as opposed to the usual white rice, has the effect of reminding people of the special occasion, which is different from their everyday lives. Therefore, the fact that there are many taboos regarding the way red rice is eaten, such as not pouring soup or tea on it, shows that red rice was a special food. The significance of red rice is that it is red, and it is said that red rice (rice that turns light red when cooked) was used in the days when adzuki beans did not exist. In fact, at Tsutsu Shrine in Tsushima and Homan Shrine in Tanegashima, there is an event where red rice is cooked as part of a religious ceremony. There is red rice among the treasures of the Shosoin Repository, and it is said that this was used to make sake.

[Kamata Hisako]

"Funerals and Red Rice: Reading Folk Culture" by Haruo Itabashi (1995, Kanhodo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

糯米(もちごめ)にアズキまたはササゲを混ぜて蒸したご飯。江戸時代から明治時代までは糯米を蒸したものを「おこわ」といい、アズキを加えて赤色になった蒸し飯を赤飯といっていた。その後、赤飯のことも強飯(こわめし)または「おこわ」というようになった。また、明治・大正のころまでは、毎月1日、15日、28日の朝は、粳米(うるちまい)の飯を炊くときアズキを加えることになっていた。これは赤のご飯、または小豆(あずき)ご飯といい、赤飯とはいわなかった。赤のご飯はその日を祝うためにつくったものだが、アズキの皮は腸に刺激を与えるので、月3回のアズキ入りのご飯は健康上にも役だつものといわれていた。

 赤飯は明治中期以降は祝い事に用いるのが恒例となり、とくに神社の祭りや誕生祝いなどには多く用いられている。

[多田鉄之助]

作り方

赤飯の本来の作り方は蒸してつくる。アズキの分量はいろいろであるが、糯米の1割前後が普通である。アズキをよく洗い、水を加えて火にかけ、沸騰したら水を捨て、新たにアズキの5~6倍量の水を加えて、皮が破れないようにやや固めにゆで、汁を別器にとる。糯米は洗って、アズキのゆで汁を米が十分かぶるくらい加え、そのまま一晩浸(つ)ける。米をざるにあげて水けをきり、アズキを混ぜ、蒸籠(せいろう)に入れる。蒸したとき蒸気が通りやすいように、中央をすこしへこませる。蓋(ふた)をし、十分蒸気のあがった湯にのせ、強火で40~50分蒸す。15分置きくらいに、塩を少量加えたアズキのゆで汁をふりかける。これを打ち水という。黒ごまを炒(い)って塩と混ぜたごま塩を、盛った赤飯にふりかける。炊飯器などで炊いた赤飯は「炊きおこわ」という。

[河野友美]

民俗

一般には吉事の食物とされているが、東北地方の日本海側、関東地方の西部では葬式のときの食物とされている所がある。死者と血縁の濃い者は、一斗とか二斗赤飯を持ち寄り、それを会葬者全員に配って共食してもらうのである。沖縄では、カシチーといい、盆の贈り物の食物となっており、赤飯を死者儀礼にも用いている。吉凶いずれのときにも用いているのは、日ごろの白米に対し、赤い色の飯を食べることによって、視覚から日常とは異なる、ハレの日の意識を再認識させられる効用があったのである。したがって、赤飯に汁や茶をかけることを忌むなど、食法にタブーが多いのは、赤飯がハレの食物であったことを示しているといえよう。赤飯は赤いというところに意義があり、アズキのない時代には赤米(あかごめ)(炊くと薄赤くなる米)を用いたのではないかといわれている。現に対馬(つしま)の豆酘(つつ)神社、種子島(たねがしま)の宝満(ほうまん)神社では神事に赤米を炊く行事がある。正倉院の宝物にも赤米があるが、これは酒をつくったのではないかといわれている。

[鎌田久子]

『板橋春夫著『葬式と赤飯 民俗文化を読む』(1995・煥乎堂)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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