The concepts of acids and bases have undergone many historical changes, but basically, an acid is something that increases hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution, and a base is something that decreases hydrogen ions. From today's perspective, a considerable number of things that could be called acids and bases have been known for a long time, but the terms and concepts of acid and base did not come into common use until around the 17th or 18th century. The oldest known acids are vegetable acids such as over-fermented alcohol and vinegar, and vinegar appears in Greek and Roman writings, the Bible, and Chinese history books. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
酸と塩基の概念には幾多の歴史的な変遷があるが,基本的には水溶液中で水素イオンを増大させるものが酸で,水素イオンを減少させるものが塩基である,とすることができる。現在の考え方からすれば,酸や塩基というべきものはかなりの数が古くから知られていたが,酸や塩基という語や概念がふつうに用いられるようになるのは17世紀ないし18世紀ころからである。酸として最も古く知られているのは,発酵しすぎた酒や酢のような植物性の酸であって,酢はギリシア,ローマの著作や聖書,あるいは中国の史書などにも出てくる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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