Also known as acyl chloride. A compound in which the hydroxy group in the carboxyl group of a carboxylic acid is replaced with chlorine. If the hydrocarbon group is represented by R, the general formula is RCOCl. It can be obtained by reacting a carboxylic acid or its salt with a chloride such as phosphorus pentachloride or thionyl chloride. It is a highly reactive compound that reacts with water, alcohols, ammonia, carboxylic acids, Grignard reagents, etc. to produce carboxylic acids, esters, amides, acid anhydrides, ketones, etc., respectively, and with aromatic hydrocarbons, it produces aromatic ketones in the presence of aluminum chloride through the Friedel-Crafts reaction. The chlorides of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid are also acid chlorides and are widely used in synthetic reactions as acylating agents. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
塩化アシルともいう.カルボン酸のカルボキシル基に含まれるヒドロキシ基を,塩素で置換した化合物.炭化水素基をRで表せば,一般式はRCOClとなる.カルボン酸やカルボン酸の塩に,五塩化リン,塩化チオニルなどの塩化物を作用させると得られる.非常に反応性の高い化合物で,水,アルコール類,アンモニア,カルボン酸,グリニャール試薬などと反応し,それぞれカルボン酸,エステル,アミド,酸無水物,ケトンなどを生じ,また,芳香族炭化水素に対しては,塩化アルミニウムの存在下で,フリーデル-クラフツ反応によって芳香族ケトンを生じる.硫酸やリン酸の塩化物も酸塩化物であり,アシル化剤として合成反応に広く利用されている. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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