Intavolatura

Japanese: intavolatura

...Juan Bermudo (c. 1510-c. 1565) also used a method in which all the keys were numbered sequentially from low to high, from 1 to 42, or in which the white keys alone were numbered 1 to 23 and the alternating notes were indicated by symbols.
[Modern Staff Notation]
In the 15th and 16th centuries, blank notation and tablature were the main methods used in Europe, but since the 15th century, in France and Italy, a notation method called intavolatura for keyboard music, which is very close to modern staff notation, has been used. This method has the following characteristics: (1) it has five or more lines to indicate third intervals, (2) the treble and bass parts of the keyboard are arranged vertically like a score, (3) note values are unified into two divisions (incomplete division), (4) bar lines are added to indicate the beat, and (5) the use of linking marks gradually fell away. It became the dominant notation method in the 17th and 18th centuries.

From [Arrangement]

… In the West, especially after the 15th and 16th centuries, musical arrangements became an important method of composition. Konrad Paumann (c. 1415-1473) is famous for his arrangement of the German secular songs from the first half of the 15th century, the manuscript "Lochâmerslieder", into keyboard music in his "Elements of Organ Playing" (1452). This type of song arrangement for keyboard instruments and lutes from the 14th to 16th centuries is called intavolatura (Italian). Secular melodies were often used as cantus musiques in masses, and the melody of "L'homme armé" in particular was adopted by Dufay, Josquin des Prez, and others. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "intavolatura" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…またベルムードJuan Bermudo(1510ころ‐65ころ)による，すべての鍵盤に低音から高音に向かって1から42の数字を順番に割り当てたり，白鍵のみに同じように1から23の数字を付し，変化音は記号で示したりする方法も行われた。
［近代五線記譜法］
　15世紀から16世紀にかけて，ヨーロッパでは白譜定量記譜法とタブラチュアがおもに用いられていたが，15世紀以来フランスとイタリアでは，鍵盤楽曲のためにインタボラトゥーラintavolaturaとよばれる，近代五線記譜法にきわめて近い形の記譜法が行われていた。これは，(1)3度音程を示す5本ないしそれ以上の譜線をもつ，(2)鍵盤楽器の高音部と低音部を上下にスコア状にそろえて並べる，(3)音価は2分割(不完全分割)に統一される，(4)拍子を示す小節線が付される，(5)連結符はしだいに使用されなくなる，などの特徴をもち，17世紀から18世紀には支配的な記譜法となるのである。…

【編曲】より

…　西洋では，とくに15,16世紀以降，編曲は重要な作曲手段となった。15世紀前半のドイツの世俗歌曲を収めた写本《ロハマー歌曲集》を鍵盤曲に編曲したパウマンKonrad Paumann(1415ころ‐73)の《オルガン奏法の基礎》(1452)は有名で，14～16世紀のこのような鍵盤楽器やリュートに合わせた歌曲の編曲形態をとくにインタボラトゥーラintavolatura(イタリア語)と呼ぶ。また，世俗曲の旋律がミサ曲の定旋律にしばしば用いられて，とくに《ロム･アルメL’homme armé》の旋律はデュファイ，ジョスカン･デ･プレらによって取り入れられた。…

※「intavolatura」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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