One of the most active faults in the world, it runs north to south through almost the entire state of California. It stretches 1,400 km from Cape Mendocino in the north to the Gulf of California in the south. It is also called the San Andreas Fault System, including the branching and parallel secondary faults. It is a right-lateral strike-slip fault, and its movement began around the end of the Cretaceous period, with a maximum displacement of 500 to 600 km. In the present day, it moves at an average speed of 2 to 4 cm per year. During the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, a fault displacement of up to about 7 m over a length of about 430 km was revealed on the surface, which became famous and gave rise to the elastic rebound theory of earthquake occurrence and the concept of active faults. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
アメリカ,カリフォルニア州のほぼ全域を南北に縦走する,世界でも最も活動的な断層の一つ。北端はメンドシノ岬から南端はカリフォルニア湾まで,長さ1400kmに及ぶ。分岐・並走する副断層群を含めて,サン・アンドレアス断層系とも呼ばれる。右横ずれ断層で,断層運動は白亜紀末ころから始まり,最大変位量は500~600kmといわれる。現世には平均2~4cm/年という大きな速度で運動している。1906年のサンフランシスコ地震の際,延長約430kmにわたり,最大約7mに及ぶ断層変位が地表に現れて有名となり,地震発生における弾性反発説や,活断層という概念を生むきっかけになった。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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