Lex Salica (Latin)

Japanese: サリカ法典 - さりかほうてん(英語表記)Lex Salica ラテン語
Lex Salica (Latin)

This is the legal code of the Salii, a branch of the Franks, and is the most important of all Germanic tribal codes. Tribal codes are thought to have been created by codifying at some point the customary laws that had been passed down orally among Germanic tribes, but the original code has not survived, and only later copies remain. Moreover, there are considerable differences between the various copies, and so it is likely that new additions and supplements were made after the initial codification.

There are about 80 extant manuscripts of the Salic Code, which are usually divided into five groups, broadly divided into an old form consisting of 65 chapters and a new form consisting of 70 to 99 chapters, with the old form being characterized by the inclusion of the "Malberg Commentary," which notes the Frankish equivalents of the Latin nouns in the text. There are various theories as to when the original code was created, but the prevailing view is that it was created towards the end of the reign of Clovis, at the beginning of the 6th century. The code's contents are mostly criminal law provisions, and recent researchers have characterized tribal codes, and the Salic Code in particular, as a catalog of fines for various criminal acts.

[Shosuke Hirajo]

"The Salic Code, translated by Masahata Kubo (1949, Kobundo)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランク人の一分派サリ支族の法典で、ゲルマン部族法典中もっとも重要なものである。部族法典とは、ゲルマン系諸部族が口頭で伝承してきた慣習法が、ある時点で成文化されたものと考えられるが、原法典は残存しておらず、後代の写本が残っているだけで、しかも各写本の間にはかなり大きな異同があり、当然最初の成文化以後にも、新しい追加、補足があったと考えられる。

 サリカ法典も、現在の写本は約80種、普通これを5群に分類するが、65章からなる古い形と、70章ないし99章からなる新しい形とに大別され、古い形は本文のラテン語の名詞に相当するフランク語を注記した「マルベルク注解」を含むのが特徴である。原法典の成立年次に関しても諸説があるが、クロービス治世の末年、6世紀初頭とみなす見解が有力である。法典の内容は刑法的規定が大部分であり、最近の研究者は、部族法典、とりわけサリカ法典は、各種の犯罪行為に対する罰金のカタログであると特徴づけている。

[平城照介]

『久保正幡訳『サリカ法典』(1949・弘文堂)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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