Diary - diary (English)

Japanese: 日記 - にっき（英語表記）diary

A record of daily events and actions. Daily diaries written in Chinese include those that mainly record government offices and events held by nobles. The collection of Otomo no Yakamochi's poems in the Man'yoshu can be called a "poetry diary" and is a forerunner of literary diaries. Ennin's "Nitto Guho Junrei Koki" (Record of a Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law) is also excellent literary travel diaries. In the West, keeping a diary was already a tradition in Roman times. However, a diary that has literary value requires the interesting individuality of the writer. The diary of S. Pepys, a British bureaucrat from the late 17th century, realistically depicts the state of affairs during the Restoration, and when individual aspects are emphasized, it becomes centered on introspection and contemplation, as in the diary of H. Amiel. In Japan, there is a genre called "diary literature," which mainly refers to medieval works such as "Tosa Nikki" by Ki no Tsurayuki, which was written with a female author in mind, "Kagerou Nikki," "Izumi Shikibu Nikki," "Murasaki Shikibu Nikki," "Sarashina Nikki," "Sanuki no Naishi Nikki," and other women's diaries from the Heian period, as well as "Ben no Naishi Nikki," "Jurokuya Nikki," and "Towazugatari." Unlike diaries that record facts, these have the characteristics of self-confessional autobiographical literature.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

日々の出来事や行動を記録したもの。漢文による日次記には，官庁の記録や公家の行事記録を主とした日記などがあり，『万葉集』にみる大伴家持の家集は「歌日記」というべきもので，文学的日記の先駆であり，円仁の『入唐求法 (にっとうぐほう) 巡礼行記』などは旅日記として文学的にもすぐれている。西洋ではすでにローマ時代から日記をつける習慣があった。しかし文学としての価値をもつ日記には，筆者の個性のおもしろさが要求される。 17世紀後半のイギリスの官僚 S.ピープスの日記は王政復古期の世相を写実的に描いており，個性的な面が強調されると H.アミエルの日記のように内省や思索を中心としたものとなる。日本の場合は一つのジャンルとして「日記文学」があり，筆者を女性に仮託して書かれた紀貫之の『土佐日記』をはじめとして『蜻蛉日記』『和泉式部日記』『紫式部日記』『更級日記』『讃岐典侍 (さぬきのすけ) 日記』など平安時代の女流日記や『弁内侍 (べんのないし) 日記』『十六夜日記』『とはずがたり』など，主として中世の作品をさす。これらは事実の記録としての日記とは異なり，自己告白的な自伝文学としての特徴をもつ。

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