Uchikoshi baggage - Uchikoshi baggage

Japanese: 打越荷物 - うちこしにもつ

In the Edo period, commercial customs stipulated that when sending goods from Osaka to the Tohoku region, they should first be sent to a wholesaler in Edo, and then sent again through the Edo wholesaler. Violating this rule by sending goods directly from Osaka, or conversely, by sending goods from the Tohoku region to Osaka without going through a wholesaler in Edo, was called "uchikoshi" (to pass over), and the goods were called "uchikoshi yorimi" (to pass over goods), and were prohibited. This was a commercial policy adopted by the shogunate to protect the kabu nakama (stock associations). In addition, the Treaty of Amity and Commerce concluded in 1858 (Ansei 5) established the principle of freedom of trade, and so there was a sharp increase in merchants who ignored the Edo wholesalers and sent goods directly to the open port of Kanagawa.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

江戸時代の商慣習では，大坂より東北地方へ荷物を送る場合，いったん江戸の問屋へ送り，そこから再度江戸問屋の手を経て送ることが定められていた。この規則を守らずに，大坂から直接に送ったり，逆に東北地方から江戸の問屋を経由しないで，大坂へ積み送る場合を〈打ち越す〉といい，その商品を打越荷物といって，禁止されていた。それは幕府が株仲間を保護するためにとった商業政策であった。また1858年(安政5)の通商条約締結により，交易自由の原則が打ち出されたため，江戸問屋を無視して直接開港場たる神奈川に送荷する商人が激増した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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