Potassium chlorate. It is produced by reacting milk of lime (calcium hydroxide) with chlorine to produce calcium chlorate, which is then subjected to double decomposition with potassium chloride. A method of electrolysis of a hot concentrated aqueous solution of potassium chloride is also used. It is a colorless plate-like crystal. It is stable at room temperature, but decomposes at 400°C or higher and generates oxygen. This reaction occurs at about 200°C in the presence of manganese dioxide and at 190°C in the presence of iron(III) oxide. For this reason, it is often used in laboratories to generate oxygen, but it is dangerous because it explodes when organic matter, sulfur, carbon, etc. are mixed in, so it is best to avoid using this method as much as possible. Because it is a strong oxidizing agent, it can also explode when mixed with organic matter, phosphorus, sulfur, thiocyanates, ammonium salts, etc. due to impact or friction. It is most violent when metal powder is present. It is not hygroscopic, but dissolves in water and is somewhat soluble in alcohol. It does not show oxidizing properties in neutral or alkaline solutions, but acts as an oxidizing agent in acidic solutions. It is used as a raw material for explosives such as matches and fireworks, bleach, and medicines. It is also used as a preservative and a raw material for dyes. It is also used as medicine (mouthwash, astringent). Those stored for a long time or exposed to sunlight contain potassium chlorite, which can explode just by coming into contact with flammable substances. It is also prone to explosions when exposed to concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated nitric acid. A powerful drug. Must be stored in an airtight container away from light. [Torii Yasuo] [Supplementary Material] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
塩素酸のカリウム塩。石灰乳(水酸化カルシウム)に塩素を反応させて塩素酸カルシウムをつくり、これを塩化カリウムで複分解して製造する。 塩化カリウムの熱濃厚水溶液を電解する方法も行われる。無色の板状結晶。常温では安定であるが、400℃以上で分解して酸素を発生する。 この反応は、二酸化マンガンが存在すれば約200℃、酸化鉄(Ⅲ)の存在で190℃でおこる。このため実験室での酸素の発生法としてよく用いられるが、有機物、硫黄(いおう)、炭素などが混入すると爆発するので危険であり、この方法の適用はなるべく避けたほうがよい。強い酸化剤であるから、有機物、リン、硫黄、チオシアン酸塩、アンモニウム塩などと混ぜると衝撃や摩擦によっても爆発する。金属粉が存在するともっとも激しい。吸湿性はないが水に溶け、アルコールにもいくぶん溶ける。中性およびアルカリ性溶液中では酸化作用を示さないが、酸性溶液では酸化剤として働く。マッチ、花火など爆薬の原料、漂白剤、医薬品の製造に用いられる。また防腐剤となり、染料の原料となる。医薬(うがい薬、収斂(しゅうれん)剤)としても用途がある。長期間保存したものや、日光にさらされたものは亜塩素酸カリウムを含み、可燃性物質と接触しただけで爆発することがある。濃硫酸、濃硝酸に触れても爆発しやすい。劇薬。密閉容器内に遮光保存する必要がある。 [鳥居泰男] [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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