A species of the genus Sago (Metroxylon) in the palm family (APG classification: Palmaceae). The scientific name Metroxylon is a cored tree, and Sagus is the local Malaysian name for the food of this species. Native to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The trunk is a clump, 12-15 meters tall, 30-40 centimeters in diameter, and has circular leaf scars. The base of the trunk curves sharply at an angle. The leaves are pinnate, fully lobed, and glossy dark green. The leaflets are lanceolate, V-shaped, and 1 meter long and 8 centimeters wide. The leaf sheaths, petioles, and rachises are all spineless. The spadix is upright at the top of the trunk and is divided into more than 20 pedicels, each 2.5 meters long, with the main pedicel being 3.5 meters long. It is monoecious, with male and bisexual flowers, both of which are light brown, leathery, 6-7 mm long and 3 mm in diameter. There are six stamens, 5 mm long, anthers 5 mm long, pistils 5 mm long, and the ovary is covered with downward-tilted layered scales, 5 mm high. The flowers bloom once per generation, producing a large number of fruits. The fruits are covered with shiny dark yellow scales, are spherical or flat-topped, and 4 cm long and 4 cm in diameter. The seeds are covered with brown spongy cork, have a black surface, are urn-shaped and open at the top, and are 2.5 cm in diameter. The embryo is located at the base. In addition to this species, there are 9 other species and 19 varieties in the sago palm genus that are found in New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Tonga, the New Hebrides, Fiji, and the Caroline Islands, but this species is the representative cultivated species for sago starch. Starch is extracted by splitting the trunk. It has a good overall shape and is used for ornamental purposes, and can also be grown in pots. It grows well in humid conditions, with a minimum temperature of 13°C. Apart from this species, the other species that extracts starch is the rumphius sago palm, or sping sago, M. rumphii Mart. Native to Malaysia, its trunk is slightly lower than the former, but it is a large palm with a diameter of 60 cm, many tillers, and countless long, sharp thorns on the leaf sheaths, petioles, and leaf axes. The flowers and fruits are similar to the former. [Toshihiko Satake April 16, 2019] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ヤシ科(APG分類:ヤシ科)サゴヤシ属(メトロキシロン属)の1種。学名のメトロキシロンは芯(しん)がある木、サグスは本種の食料品のマレーシア現地語名である。マレーシア、インドネシア、フィリピン原産。幹は株立ちで、高さ12~15メートル、径30~40センチメートル、幹に環状の葉痕(ようこん)がある。幹の根元は斜めに急曲する。葉は羽状葉で全裂し、光沢のある濃緑色。小葉は披針(ひしん)形でV字状に斜め上に着生し、長さ1メートル、幅8センチメートル。葉鞘(ようしょう)、葉柄、葉軸のすべてに刺(とげ)がない。肉穂花序が幹頂に直立状につき、20本以上の花柄に分かれ、それぞれ長さ2.5メートル、主花柄は長さ3.5メートルになる。雌雄同株で雄花と両性花があり、雌雄とも淡褐色の革質で長さ6~7ミリメートル、径3ミリメートル。雄しべは6本、長さ5ミリメートル、葯(やく)は長さ5ミリメートル、雌しべは長さ5ミリメートル、子房は下向き瓦(かわら)重ね状の鱗(うろこ)に覆われ、高さ5ミリメートル。花は1代に1回開花結実し、大量の果実を結ぶ。果実は光沢のある暗黄色の鱗片(りんぺん)で覆われ、球形または上端が平らな球形で、長さ径とも4センチメートル。種子は褐色の海綿状コルク質で覆われ、表面は黒色で上方に開口した壺(つぼ)状の球形で、径2.5センチメートル。底面に胚(はい)がある。 サゴヤシ属には、本種以外にニューギニア、ソロモン、サモア、トンガ、ニュー・ヘブリデス、フィジー、カロリン諸島に9種19変種があるが、本種はサゴデンプンをとる代表的な栽培種である。デンプンは幹を割ってとる。全体に形がよく、観賞用にもされ、鉢栽培も可能である。多湿でよく育ち、最低温度は13℃である。 本種以外で、デンプンをとるものにトゲサゴヤシrumphius sago palm, sping sago/M. rumphii Mart.がある。マレーシア原産で、幹は前者よりやや低いが、径は60センチメートルの大形ヤシで、分げつが多く、葉鞘、葉柄、葉軸全体に無数の長く鋭い刺がある。花や果実は前者同様である。 [佐竹利彦 2019年4月16日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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