Zatō - Zatō

Japanese: 座頭 - ざとう

〘 noun 〙① Near or beside the seat. ※Ko-u-ki - November 12, 993 (Shoreki 4) "Three gaki came (Minister's zato aide _two oki boxes three _{go one} )" ② The head of a troupe. In the Middle Ages, it referred to the heads of various troupes such as commerce, handicrafts, and performing arts. ※Chu-u-ki - October 11, 111 (Ten'ei 2) "But in fact, as a zato, he pointed out the bamboo pole and wrote a letter to the middle-ranking official, which is beyond rudeness." ③ The lowest of the four officials (kengyo, betto, kodo, and zato) established in the Todo troupe of blind biwa hoshi, which was formed in the Middle Ages. They were allowed to use the character "ichi" (one) under their name or the character "jo" (castle) above it. Those above kodo were not allowed to perform with ordinary entertainers, but this was allowed, and in such cases they always sat in the upper seat, hence the name. ※Kanmon Goki - March 26, 1438 (Eikyō 10) "The Shogunate Taira clan _{has not been able to attract} _many visitors. Even the masters _{are not} pleased. _Some have been _stabbed , and in recent years, no one has become a zatō." ④ A general term for blind people who have shaved their heads and become monks, play the biwa, koto, shamisen, or kokyū, sing songs, tell stories, and also work as masseurs, acupuncturists, and money lenders. A zatō no monk. A zatō no monk. A zatō no monk. ※Gyokujinsho (1563) 27 "Around here, a zatō no kengyo is playing the biwa." ※Storybook - Kareguchitsuyu ga Hanashi (1691) 3 "Whose pupil is this zatō no monk?" ⑤ A person who is blind. A blind person. ※Toraakira Kyogen Sannin Katawa (late Muromachi period - early modern period) "I made two walking sticks thinking I would become a zatou (a zatou) and went there" ⑥ Abbreviation of "zatou kujira (a zatou whale)". ※Isanatori (1891) <Koda Rohan> 63 "Even with a rope of several fathoms, he is not called a zatou (a zatou) nor a cicada (a cicada with a beautiful back) , nor the desperate skill of diving under its belly" ⑦ ④ A general term for Kabuki Shosagoto that turns the manners and movements mentioned above into dance. Examples include Ukare Zato ( a zatou), Kanni Nari no Zato ( a zatou that rises to the top), Hyokkuri Zato (a zatou that rises to the top), and Enoshima Zato (a zatou that rises to the top).

Za-gashira [Primitive man]

〘 noun 〙① The seat at the highest position. Also, the person who sits there. The head of the troupe. Also, figuratively, it means the best thing or the center. ※Tamonin Diary - August 14, 1478 (10th year of Bunmei) "Because _{the only} person in _East Kujo was the head of the troupe." ※Gyokujinsho (1563) 1 "There are three rooms. In the east, my younger brother Riku Shiryu was there. In the west, my older brother Riku Shihō was there. The name "West Head, East Head" means "West Head, East Head." He was at the head of the troupe."② In theater and other performing arts, the head of a troupe. In Kabuki, the head of all the actors, the head of the leading roles, the person who controls everything related to the dressing room, and the person who also gives performance instructions on stage. In Kabuki, the head of the troupe was never a person other than a leading actor, and was almost exclusively limited to people from noble families. ※Kabuki: Shitenno Kaede Edo Makeup (1804) Rokuritsu "'Their magic and rebellion are wonderful performances' 'The First Four Heavenly Kings of the Zagashira '"

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 座席の近辺、かたわら。※小右記‐正暦四年（993）一一月一二日「外記三人率来〈大臣座頭預_二置筥三合_一〉」② 一座の長。中世には、商業、手工業、芸能などの諸座の長をいう。※中右記‐天永二年（1111）一〇月一一日「而史実重為座頭之間、指文於竹竿覧中弁間文、已落、凡失礼無極」③ 中世以降結成された盲人琵琶法師の当道座に設けられた四官（検校・別当・勾当・座頭）の最下位。名の下に「一」、あるいは上に「城」の字を用いることを許された。勾当以上は一般の遊芸人と同席して演奏することが許されないが、これは許され、その場合には必ず上座につくのでこの名が生じた。※看聞御記‐永享一〇年（1438）三月二六日「公方平家御無_二数寄_一歟。名人共御意不_レ快。或被_二突鼻_一之間、近年座頭めみする人なし」④ 盲人で剃髪(ていはつ)して僧体となり、琵琶、箏、三味線、胡弓などを弾いて歌を歌い、語り物を語り、また、あんま、はり、金貸しなどを業とした者の総称。座頭の坊。ざとのぼう。ざっつの坊。ざっとの坊。※玉塵抄（1563）二七「ここらに座頭の検校が琵琶をけっこうして」※咄本・軽口露がはなし（1691）三「何と座頭(ザトウ)どのはどなたの御弟子にて候や」⑤ 目の見えない人。盲人。※虎明本狂言・三人片輪（室町末‐近世初）「ざとうになってまいらうと思ふてつえを二つこしらへてまいった」⑥ 「ざとうくじら（座頭鯨）」の略。※いさなとり（1891）〈幸田露伴〉六三「幾尋の綱もって座頭(ザトウ)といはず背美(せみ)といはず其腹の下くぐる必死の業(わざ)も」⑦ ④の風俗、動作などを舞踊化した歌舞伎所作事の総称。うかれ座頭、官に登る座頭、ひょっくり座頭、江の島座頭などがある。

ざ‐がしら【座頭】

〘名〙① 最上位にある席。また、そこにすわる人。首座。座長。また、比喩的に最上の物、中心の物の意にもいう。※多聞院日記‐文明一〇年（1478）八月一四日「於_二東九条_一者、座かしらなる故に」※玉塵抄（1563）一「座敷が三あるぞ。東には弟の陸士龍がいたぞ。西には兄の陸士衡がいたぞ。西頭東頭と云は西頭(がしら)東がしらと云心ぞ。座がしらにいたぞ」② 演劇、演芸などで、一座の首長。座長。特に、歌舞伎では、全俳優のかしらとなり、立役の首席を占め、楽屋に関するいっさいのことを支配し、舞台での演技指導などをも行なう人。歌舞伎では、立役以外からなることはなく、ほぼ名門出身の者に限られていた。※歌舞伎・四天王楓江戸粧（1804）六立「『その妖術も叛逆も、いはばめでたき顔見世なれば』『初座頭(ザガシラ)の四天王』」

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