Command - Command

Japanese: 采配 - さいはい
Command - Command

A tool carried by generals and other commanders to direct the advance and retreat of troops. It is made of 1.2 cm long strips of white paper or polar bear fur attached to the end of a handle about 30 cm long. Early modern times were crudely made, but later ones were luxuriously made with gold and silver leaf and vermilion paint, and the handle was painted and decorated with metal fittings. Its origins are said to have come from the "zai" (falcon) waved as a signal by falconers and archery inspectors, and the "hossu" (whisker) used as a ceremonial item by Zen monks. An old example of its use on the battlefield is the use of a haguma (polar bear fur) in the section on the Taikenmon Battle in the "Heiji Monogatari Emaki" (a copy, the original is lost). However, there are no definite examples of its use from then until the Sengoku period. In the mid-modern period, the ring attached to the chest of modern armor was called a "command ring," so it must have been widespread by the early modern period. Also, portraits of armor-wearing warriors such as Honda Tadakatsu and Kuroda Nagamasa made in the early Edo period show them holding a baton. It seems that it was more of a display item than a command tool.

[Shinichi Saito]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

軍勢の進退を指揮するため、大将以下将帥の持った用具。30センチメートル程度の柄(え)の先に、幅1.2センチメートルほどに細長く裂いた白紙や、白熊(はぐま)の毛などを束ねて取り付けたもの。近世初期のものは粗末な製作であるが、後世は、金銀箔(はく)押し、朱塗りに、柄も塗りとし金具をつけた豪華な製作がある。その始源は、鷹狩(たかがり)の鷹匠、射術の検見(けみ)役などが合図に振る「麾(ざい)」や、禅僧の威儀具の「払子(ほっす)」などに由来するものとされる。軍陣での所用の古い例は、『平治(へいじ)物語絵巻』(原本は伝わらず模本)待賢門合戦の条に犛(はぐま)(白熊)の毛の采配がある。しかし、それ以後、戦国時代に至るまでは、確実な使用例はない。近世中ごろには当世具足の胸部に打った環を、「采配付けの環」と称しているから、近世初期までには広く普及していたのである。また江戸初期作製の本多忠勝(ただかつ)や黒田長政(ながまさ)らの甲冑(かっちゅう)着用の肖像画にも采配を持った姿が描かれている。指揮具としてよりも威儀の具であったとも思われる。

[齋藤愼一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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