Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act

Japanese: 災害対策基本法 - さいがいたいさくきほんほう
Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act

This law aims to promote comprehensive and systematic disaster prevention administration, and contribute to maintaining social order and ensuring public welfare. Law No. 223 of 1961. Enacted in 1961, and put into effect in 1962. In order to protect the nation and the lives, bodies and property of the people from disasters, it establishes the necessary systems for disaster prevention through the nation, local governments and other public institutions, clarifies where responsibility lies, and lays down the basics for disaster prevention planning, disaster prevention, disaster emergency measures, disaster recovery and financial and monetary measures related to disaster prevention, and other necessary disaster countermeasures. Considering that the nation has a mission to protect the nation and the lives, bodies and property of the people from disasters, it is said that it has the responsibility to take thorough measures for disaster prevention using all of its organizations and functions.

This law was enacted in response to the problem of the lack of a comprehensive disaster response system in previous disaster prevention administration, and in response to disasters such as the Tokachi-oki earthquake (1952) and the Ise Bay typhoon (1959).

[Jiromaru Masao]

[References] | Ise Bay Typhoon | Disaster Relief Act | Disaster Victim Support Act | Large-Scale Earthquake Countermeasures Special Measures Act | Tokachi Offshore Earthquake | Disaster Prevention

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

総合的かつ計画的な防災行政の整備および推進を図り、社会の秩序の維持と公共の福祉の確保に資することを目的とする法律。昭和36年法律第223号。1961年(昭和36)に制定、1962年に施行。国土ならびに国民の生命、身体および財産を災害から保護するため、防災に関し、国、地方公共団体およびその他の公共機関を通じて必要な体制を確立し、責任の所在を明確にするとともに、防災計画の作成、災害予防、災害応急対策、災害復旧および防災に関する財政金融措置その他必要な災害対策の基本を定める。国は、国土ならびに国民の生命、身体および財産を災害から保護する使命を有することにかんがみ、組織および機能のすべてをあげて防災に関し万全の措置を講ずる責務を有するとされている。

 この法律は、従前の防災行政には総合的に災害に対処する体制が欠如していることが問題となり、十勝沖(とかちおき)地震(1952)、伊勢湾(いせわん)台風(1959)などの災害を契機として制定されたものである。

[次郎丸誠男]

[参照項目] | 伊勢湾台風 | 災害救助法 | 災害被災者支援法 | 大規模地震対策特別措置法 | 十勝沖地震 | 防災

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