A book in the Old Testament. In the Masoretic text, it is the second of the Pentateuch, and in the Septuagint, it is the second of the Pentateuch. Its Hebrew name is Shemoth (meaning name), and the name Exodus comes from the Greek Exodus (meaning departure). This book, along with the other books of the Law and the Book of Joshua, forms the history of the salvation of the people of Israel under the unified theme of the origin of the Israelites and their selection. Like the other five books, Exodus is composed of materials from several eras, but the main materials are priestly, Yahweh, and Elohim. The main theme of this book is the salvation of the people of Israel chosen by God and the establishment of the nation as a faith community. Its contents are broadly divided into (1) the Exodus from Egypt and the wandering in the wilderness (chapters 1-18), and (2) the covenant at Mount Sinai and the rituals based on it (chapters 19-40). (1) describes the oppression of the Israelites in Egypt, the birth and calling of Moses, the Exodus and the miracle of the parting of the sea, the hardships of the wanderings, and the visit of Moses' father-in-law Jethro, while (2) describes the manifestations of God, the Ten Commandments, instructions for the construction of the Tabernacle of the Lord, instructions for rituals, apostasy, and the renewal of the covenant, which later became the biblical authority defending God as an entity in Christian theology. Christians see the Exodus as a type of God's salvation of mankind. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
旧約聖書中の一書。マソラ本文では律法書の,またセプトゥアギンタではモーセ五書の第2書。ヘブライ名はシェモース Shemoth(名前の意味)であり,『出エジプト記』の名はギリシア語のエクソドス Exodus(出発の意味)からきている。本書はほかの律法の書および『ヨシュア記』とともにイスラエル民族の起源とその選びという統一的主題のもとにイスラエルの民の救済史を形成する。『出エジプト記』もほかの 5書同様,いくつかの時代の資料からなるが,祭司資料,ヤハウェ資料,エロヒム資料がおもなものである。本書の主題は神によって選ばれたイスラエルの民の救出と信仰共同体としての民族の確立であり,内容は (1) エジプトからの脱出と荒野の放浪(1~18章),(2) シナイ山での契約とそれに基づく祭儀(19~40章)に大別される。(1) には,エジプトにおけるイスラエルの民への圧制,モーセの誕生と召命,脱出と海が裂けた奇跡,放浪における苦難,モーセの義父エテロの来訪が,(2) には後世キリスト教神学で,存在そのものとしての神を弁護する聖書的典拠となった神の顕現,十戒,主の幕屋造営のための指示,祭儀上の指示,背教と契約の更新などが記されている。キリスト教ではこの出エジプトを神による人類の救済の予型とみている。
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