A German social activist and Marxist thinker active during the Weimar era. He joined the Fabian Society while studying in England, but was also influenced by syndicalism. Eventually, at the time of the German Revolution of 1918, he joined the Independent Social Democratic Party and addressed the issue of "socialization." After the failure of the revolution, in his major work, Marxism and Philosophy, he did not side with mere economism or naive realism, but emphasized consciousness and opposed the Second International and Leninism. He later served as Minister of Justice of Thuringia and professor at the University of Jena, but he maintained an anti-left position within the German Communist Party as it became Bolshevik, and was expelled in 1926. Together with Lukacs, he became the source of Western European Marxism. [Takichi Shimizu] "Marxism and Philosophy" (translated by Mikio Okazaki and Toshihiko Hirai, 1977, Miraisha) [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ワイマール時代に活躍したドイツの社会運動家、マルクス主義思想家。イギリス留学時にフェビアン協会に加入し、他方、サンジカリズムの影響を受ける。やがて1918年のドイツ革命に際しては、独立社会民主党に入党し、「社会化」問題に取り組む。革命挫折(ざせつ)後、主著『マルクス主義と哲学』によって、単なる経済主義や素朴実在論にくみせず、意識性を強調して、第二インターナショナルやレーニン主義に反対する。のちチューリンゲン州法相、イエナ大学教授などを歴任するが、ボリシェビキ化するドイツ共産党内にあって左翼反対派の立場を貫き、1926年除名される。ルカーチとともに西欧マルクス主義の源流となった。 [清水多吉] 『岡崎幹郎・平井俊彦訳『マルクス主義と哲学』(1977・未来社)』 [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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