Although it is a tapestry work woven at the Gobelin weaving workshop in France, it is sometimes used to include tapestries (also called tapestries) that are widely used as wall hangings. The name Gobelin refers to the family of Jean Gobelin, a dyer and weaver who lived in Paris around 1440, and this production has been passed down. Tapestry has been produced in various places since ancient times, and many colored threads are used freely for the weft, and small sections are woven into a flat weave, so the weft does not run through the entire width of the weave. As a result, spaces called "seams" are created in the warp direction at the boundary between colors, but in Gobelin weaving, the colored threads are intertwined with each other in a way that prevents gaps, and this is called the Gobelin technique. Therefore, tapestry requires a lot of time and skill, but its characteristic is that it allows patterns to be expressed freely. This Gobelins factory was later purchased by Louis XIV, who expanded it to earn foreign currency by exporting the products of the royal factory abroad. Because tapestry can faithfully reproduce paintings, famous artists were asked to submit sketches and luxurious wall hangings were produced. Such works are preserved in the Louvre Museum and elsewhere, and they reached their peak during the reign of Louis XIV, when they were characterized by their flamboyant composition, scale, and color. However, after the French Revolution, there was a decline in tapestry, with people simply copying famous paintings, but it was revived after World War II. [Kadoyama Yukihiro] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスのゴブラン織物工房で織られた綴織(つづれおり)の作品をさすが、広く壁掛けとして用いられる綴織(タペストリー、タペスリーともいう)をも含めたものとして使われることがある。ゴブランの名称は、1440年ごろパリに住んでいた染織家ジャン・ゴブランJean Gobelinの一家をさし、この製作が受け継がれた。綴織は古くから各地で製作されていたもので、多くの色糸を緯糸(よこいと)に自由に使い、小部分ずつ平織にして織り進めるもので、緯糸が織幅全体に通っていない。そのため「ハツリの目」という空間が色の境目に経(たて)方向に沿ってできるが、ゴブラン織では、色糸を互いに絡め合い、すきまができないようくふうされており、これをゴブラン技法といっている。したがって綴織に多くの時間と熟練を要するが、自由に模様を表現できることに特徴がある。このゴブラン工房はのちにルイ14世によって買収され、王立工場の製作品として勢力的に外国へも輸出して外貨を獲得するため、拡大化が図られた。綴織は絵画を忠実に表現できるため、著名な画家に下絵を求め、豪華な壁掛けを製作した。このような作品は、ルーブル美術館その他に保存されているが、最盛期にあったのはルイ14世の時代で、作品の構図、規模、色彩などに華やかな特徴がみられる。しかしフランス革命以後、単なる名画を綴織でコピーする衰退傾向がみられたが、第二次世界大戦後に至り再興が図られた。 [角山幸洋] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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