Wu Peifu - Gohaifu

A politician from Shandong Province, China. He enlisted in the army at a young age and later graduated from Baoding Military Academy. He supported Cao Kun, a warlord under Yuan Shikai, and built up a large influence as a member of the Zhili faction in the midst of the warlord wars following the establishment of the Republic of China. First, in 1920, he pursued Duan Qirui, a member of the Anhui faction backed by Japan (the Anhui War), and in 1922, he pursued Zhang Zuolin, a member of the Fengtian faction also under Japanese influence (the First Fengtian-Zhili War), and succeeded in bribing an election to make Cao Kun the new president, becoming an influential figure in Beijing politics. In 1923, he severely suppressed a strike by railway workers on the Beijing-Han Line, burning to death Communist Party member Lin Xiangqian. In 1924, he fought against the Fengtian faction again, but was defeated when Feng Yuxiang defected (Second Feng-Zhili War). He was unable to recover after that, and retired to Beijing in 1932. He was temporarily made to join the puppet government under the Japanese occupation, but he only did so in name and did not cooperate at all, and he died of an illness during the Anti-Japanese War.

[Ando Hikotaro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、山東(さんとう／シャントン)省出身の政治家。若くして軍隊に投じ、のち保定武備学堂を卒業。袁世凱(えんせいがい)部下の軍閥曹錕(そうこん／ツァオクン)をかつぎ、中華民国以後の軍閥混戦のなかで、直隷派(ちょくれいは)として大きな勢力を築き上げた。まず1920年、日本に後押しされた安徽(あんき)派の段祺瑞(だんきずい／トワンチールイ)を追い（安直戦争）、1922年にはやはり日本の影響下にあった奉天派の張作霖(ちょうさくりん／チャンツオリン)を追って（第一次奉直戦争）、賄賂(わいろ)選挙によって曹錕大総統を実現し、北京(ペキン)政界に重きをなした。1923年、京漢(けいかん)線の鉄道労働者のストライキに大弾圧を加え、共産党員林祥謙を焼き殺した。1924年、ふたたび奉天派と戦ったが、馮玉祥(ふうぎょくしょう／フォンユイシヤン)の寝返りで敗退（第二次奉直戦争）。その後は再起することができず、1932年から北京に隠棲(いんせい)した。日本軍占領下で一時傀儡(かいらい)政権に参加させられたが、名目だけにとどまって、いっさい協力せず、抗日戦争中に病死した。

［安藤彦太郎］

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