Beau de Rocha, A.

Japanese: Beau de Rocha,A.(英語表記)BeaudeRochaA
Beau de Rocha, A.

…Heat engine
[History of development and use]
Early internal combustion engines were so-called atmospheric engines that used negative pressure, and because they were non-compression type, they had low thermal efficiency. However, mechanically, they improved by adopting many elements from steam engines, such as piston cranks, piston rings, and flywheels, and around 1860, Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir (1822-1900) of France commercialized a non-compression type electrically ignited gas engine that was very similar to a double-acting steam engine. Compression of the air-fuel mixture by a powered piston had already been proposed by W. Barnett in 1838, and the theory of the four-stroke system was put forward by Alphonse Beau de Rocha (1815-93) of France in 1862. However, independently of these, NA Otto built a single-acting, one-cylinder gas engine in 1876. This was the first four-stroke engine, and the slide valves for gas exchange and flame ignition were driven at half the rotation speed of the crankshaft via bevel gears.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Beau de Rocha, A." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…熱機関
[発達と利用の歴史]
 初期の内燃機関は負圧を利用するいわゆる大気圧機関であり,また無圧縮式であったため熱効率も低かったが,機構的には蒸気機関からピストン・クランク,ピストンリング,はずみ車など多くのものを取り入れて進歩し,1860年ころにはフランスのルノアールJean Joseph Étienne Lenoir(1822‐1900)により,複動蒸気機関によく似た無圧縮式電気点火ガス機関が商品化された。すでに1838年にW.バーネットにより動力ピストンによる混合気の圧縮が提案され,また62年にはフランスのボー・ド・ロシャAlphonse Beau de Rocha(1815‐93)により4サイクル方式の理論が提唱されているが,それとは無関係にN.A.オットーは76年単動1シリンダーのガス機関をつくった。これが4サイクルエンジンの最初のもので,ガス交換用および火炎点火用すべり弁はかさ歯車を介してクランク軸の1/2の回転数で駆動された。…

※「Beau de Rocha,A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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