...It has only a short history of a century and a half, and until almost the end of the 19th century, it simply followed the trends of European literary thought, without having developed its own style or themes. The seeds of a Latin American style were not found at all until the end of the century, when the trend of Modernism was born under the influence of French avant-garde and symbolism, and until the 1920s and later, when Ultraism arose, inspired by the avant-garde movements of the old world. The situation was similar in terms of themes. The Mexican Revolution, said to be the world's first social revolution, broke out in 1910, and revolutionary novels with strong documentary qualities based on the subject matter, indigenous novels written in large numbers in Mexico and the Andes, and naturalistic novels depicting small human beings struggling against the overwhelming threat of nature literally sprung up. Despite the old-fashioned techniques that followed in the footsteps of 19th-century realism, it was not until these novels succeeded in unearthing original themes from the unique realities of the New World that anything Latin American could be found. *Some of the terminology that refers to "Ultra Ismo" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…それは今日まで,わずかに1世紀半の短い歴史しかもたず,しかも19世紀のほとんど終りまでヨーロッパの文芸思潮を目まぐるしく追うだけで,独自の文体や主題をみずからの中からくみ出すにはいたらなかった。文体におけるラテン・アメリカ的なものの芽生えは,フランスの高踏派や象徴主義の影響のもとにモデルニスモ(近代主義)という思潮が誕生した世紀末を経て,1920年代以降の旧世界の前衛運動に触発されてウルトライスモ(超絶主義)なるものが起こった時期まで,まったく見いだせなかった。主題の面でも事情はよく似ていて,世界最初の社会革命とも言われるメキシコ革命が勃発した1910年を契機に,それに題材を求めた記録性の強い革命小説,同じくメキシコとアンデス地域で数多く書かれた原住民小説,圧倒的な大自然の脅威と闘う卑小な人間の姿を描いた自然主義小説などが文字どおり簇生(そうせい)して,その19世紀リアリズムの流れをくむ古めかしい技法にもかかわらず,新世界の特異な現実の中から独自のテーマを掘り起こすことに成功するまで,やはりラテン・アメリカ的なものは見いだせなかった。… ※「ウルトライスモ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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