Heijo Palace

Japanese: 平城宮 - へいじょうきゅう
Heijo Palace

This refers to the central part of Heijo-kyo, the capital from 710 (Wado 3) to 784 (Enryaku 3). It was the palace of seven generations of Emperors, from Genmei to Kanmu. Located at the northern end of Heijo-kyo, it has a protruding part on the east side of a square with sides of one kilometer, and occupies a total area of ​​124 hectares. Efforts have been made to preserve the ruins since the Taisho era, and currently, investigations and maintenance of the ruins are ongoing as a special national historic site. In 1998 (Heisei 10), it was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The palace is surrounded by a large fence estimated to be 5 meters high, and 12 gates open onto the main road. The main gate, Suzaku Gate, is 25 meters by 10 meters in size and has been restored to its original location as a multi-story gate.

The Dairi, the residence of the Emperor, was located in the northeast part of the palace, and within the inner enclosure measuring approximately 180 meters square, were rows of buildings built in the traditional style of post-hole construction and cypress bark roofing. The Seiden (later Shishinden) in the southern half of the inner enclosure was nine bays (27 meters) wide and five bays (15 meters) deep.

Chodoin, where government affairs and ceremonies were carried out, was the most important facility and consisted of the Daigokuden, where the emperor sat, and the Chodo, where officials sat. Its ruins can be found in two locations: north of the Suzakumon Gate in the center of the palace, and to the east of that and south of the Dairi. The Daigokuden was a large building symbolizing the emperor, and is thought to have been built in the center in the early Nara period and moved to the east in the later period. The Daigokuden from that early period has been restored. It is a tiled, stone-paved building with a girders' width of 9 bays (45 meters) and a beam width of 5 bays (15 meters).

Around the Imperial Palace and the Chodoin, government offices with two offices and eight ministries were located. Research so far has revealed the location of these offices, including the Dajokan, the Imperial Household Ministry, the Ministry of Ceremonies, the Ministry of War, the Daizenshiki, the Sake Brewery, and the Meryo. The relative locations of these offices are similar to those of the Heian Palace, suggesting that some principles were in place.

The eastern protrusion, which is not found in other palaces, is called the Toin, and its southern half is thought to be where the emperor would appear and hold ceremonies and banquets. A garden pond that makes use of the old topography has been excavated in the southeastern corner, and is a valuable relic from the gardens of that time.

[Terasaki Yasuhiro]

"Tanaka Taku, 'Excavating Ancient Capitals' (1996, Iwanami Shinsho)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

710年(和銅3)から784年(延暦3)の首都平城京の中枢部分をいう。元明(げんめい)~桓武(かんむ)天皇の7代にわたる宮である。平城京の北端に位置し、一辺1キロメートルの正方形の東に張り出し部分があり、面積は合計124ヘクタールを占める。大正年間より遺跡保存がはかられ、現在国の特別史跡として、遺跡の調査と整備が続けられている。1998年(平成10)にはユネスコの世界文化遺産に登録された。

 宮の四周には高さ5メートルと推定される築地(ついじ)大垣がめぐり、大路に面して12の門が開く。正門にあたる朱雀(すざく)門は25メートル×10メートルの規模をもち、重層の門として現地に復原されている。

 天皇の住まいである内裏(だいり)は、宮の東北部に位置し、約180メートル四方の内郭に掘立柱(ほったてばしら)、桧皮葺(ひわだぶき)という伝統様式の建物が建ち並んでいた。内郭の南半にある正殿(後の紫宸殿(ししんでん))は桁行9間(27メートル)梁間5間(15メートル)の規模である。

 政務や儀式を行う朝堂院(ちょうどういん)は、最も重要な施設で、天皇が着座する大極殿(だいごくでん)と役人が着座する朝堂からなる。その遺跡は、朱雀門の北で宮の中央と、その東隣で内裏の南の2か所にある。大極殿は、天皇を象徴する大規模な建物で、奈良時代前期には中央に、後期には東に遷して建てられたと考えられる。その前期の大極殿が復原された。瓦葺(かわらぶき)の礎石(そせき)建物で、桁行9間(45メートル)梁間5間(15メートル)の規模である。

 内裏と朝堂院の周辺には、二官八省以下の官衙(かんが)(役所)が配置された。これまでの調査で、太政官、宮内省、式部省(しきぶしょう)、兵部省(ひょうぶしょう)、大膳職(だいぜんしき)、造酒司(ぞうしゅし)、馬寮(めりょう)などの各官衙が判明した。その位置関係をみると、平安宮のそれと類似し、何らかの原則があったことを窺わせる。

 他の宮にない東の張り出し部分は、東院(とういん)と称されるが、その南半は、天皇が出御して儀式や宴を行った場所と考えられる。東南隅には旧地形を生かした園池が発掘され、当時の庭園遺構として貴重である。

[寺崎保広]

『田中琢著『古都発掘』(1996・岩波新書)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Heijo-kyo

>>:  Pyongyang

GRH
GRH
Blog    

Recommend

Jingdezhen Pottery Records (English: Jing-de-zhen-tao-lu)

A Chinese book on pottery. Written in 1815 during ...

Lysichiton

…A perennial herb of the Araceae family that grow...

Erard, F.

…[Kadoyama Sakae]. … *Some of the terminology tha...

Stamp - Starch

〘Noun〙 Under the ritsuryo system, this was a certi...

Gun Club Check

…(4) Coigach: Based on shepherd check, with alter...

Yusuf Idris (English spelling)

…The Realist school was pioneered by al-Sharqāwī ...

Public Nuisance Removal Act

…Based on this report, the central government tri...

Kijiro lacquer

...The lacquer made in this way is called suki ur...

Rambouillet Merino (English spelling)

…They are classified according to the purpose of ...

Ant-Bokeh - Ant-Bokeh

…The man who competed with Kublai Khan for the po...

Britons - English spelling: Britons

A general term for the indigenous Celtic people o...

Guild - gild (English spelling)

In medieval Western Europe, a professional associ...

Karaimujin - Karaimujin

...In the Trakai region, there are about 400 resi...

Irregular Blocks - Irregular Blocks

A concrete block of any shape other than square th...

Miura [city] - Miura

A city occupying the southern tip of the Miura Pen...