Aihatsu Pass - Arachi Pass

An ancient checkpoint located in Aibatsu Village, Tsuruga County, Echizen Province (Tsuruga City, Fukui Prefecture). It is one of the three checkpoints along with Suzuka Checkpoint in Ise Province (Mie Prefecture) and Fuwa Checkpoint in Mino Province (Gifu Prefecture). Located along the Hokuriku Road in the mountains on the border between Omi and Echizen, it was a checkpoint with a strong military character. In July 789 (Enryaku 8), the three checkpoints were abolished, but before September 810 (Kōnin 1), Aibatsu Checkpoint was replaced by Osaka Checkpoint (Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture) as one of the three checkpoints. According to the Shoku Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan), in September 764 (Tenpyo Houji 8), when Emi no Oshikatsu (Fujiwara no Nakamaro) plotted a rebellion, seized the official seal, and raised an army, Emperor Junnin ordered the fortification of the three barriers. Oshikatsu fled to Omi in response to the uprising of his son, Echizen no Kami Emi no Shikachi. However, Oshikatsu was blocked by Mononobe no Hironari at Awatari Barrier. He headed for Awatari Barrier again, but was blocked by Saeki no Itachi, and was killed while fleeing by boat across Lake Biwa.

[Hiroshi Tanaami]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

越前(えちぜん)国敦賀(つるが)郡愛発村（福井県敦賀市）にあった古代の関所。伊勢(いせ)国（三重県）鈴鹿(すずか)関、美濃(みの)国（岐阜県）不破(ふわ)関とともに三関(さんかん)の一つ。北陸道に沿い、近江(おうみ)・越前国境の山中にあって軍事的性格の強い関所であった。789年（延暦8）7月、三関は停廃されたが、810年（弘仁1）9月以前、愛発関にかわって逢坂(おうさか)関（滋賀県大津市）が三故関の一つとなる。『続日本紀(しょくにほんぎ)』によれば、764年（天平宝字8）9月、恵美押勝(えみのおしかつ)（藤原仲麻呂(なかまろ)）が謀反を企て、官印を奪って兵をあげるに及んで、淳仁(じゅんにん)天皇は三関を固めさせた。押勝は、その子越前守(えちぜんのかみ)恵美辛加知(しかち)の挙兵に呼応して近江に走った。しかし押勝は愛発関で物部広成(もののべのひろなり)に阻まれる。再度愛発関を指向したが、佐伯伊多智(さえきのいたち)に阻まれ、琵琶(びわ)湖を船で逃げる途中斬(き)られた。

［田名網宏］

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