Han-shan Shi-de (English spelling)

Japanese: 寒山拾得 - かんざんじっとく（英語表記）Han-shan Shi-de

Two legendary poet-monks from the Tang Dynasty in China. They were disciples of Zen Master Fengkan of the Guoqing Temple on Mount Tiantai. Shide was called Shide because he was raised by Fengkan. Kanshan lived in a cave in Kanshan near the Guoqing Temple, which is why he was called Kanshan. He wore a birch bark crown and large wooden shoes, and would travel to and from the Guoqing Temple to socialize with Kanshan, who was in charge of cooking, and would give him leftovers. Both were known for their eccentric behavior that transcended the mundane, and for their many poems. However, all of these achievements originate from the preface by Ryokyu Yin (薭青胤) attached to the "Collection of Poems of Hanshan," which is said to be a collection of their poems that were scattered on wood and stone on Mount Tiantai, and from the legends written in the "Xian Zhuan Shiui" by Du Guangting of the Five Dynasties, and it is difficult to verify the authenticity of Kanshan and Shide, including their actual existence. In later generations, Zen monks and others admired their behavior and lifestyle, and often used them as subjects for paintings. His poems include those by Ganki and Jindulo, and in Japan, those by Kao, Mingcho, and Shokei. The "Anthology of Poems of Hanshan" includes over 300 poems by Hanshan and about 50 by Shide, all of which are untitled. In addition to poems about enjoying nature and seclusion, they also criticize the secular world and hypocritical monks, and even describe human worries and the lives of women. The content of the poems is so diverse that it is possible to speculate on multiple authors, and it is even thought that the poems were created in several stages.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，唐の伝説上の2人の詩僧。天台山国清寺の豊干禅師の弟子。拾得は豊干に拾い養われたので拾得と称した。寒山は国清寺近くの寒山の洞窟に住み，そのため寒山と称したといい，樺皮を冠とし大きな木靴をはき，国清寺に往還して拾得と交わり，彼が食事係であったので残飯をもらい受けていた。ともに世俗を超越した奇行が多く，また多くの詩を作ったという。しかし，これらの事績はすべて，天台山の木石に書き散らした彼らの詩を集めたとされる『寒山詩集』に付せられた閭丘胤 (りょきゅういん) 名の序，および五代の杜光庭の『仙伝拾遺』に記された伝説に発するもので，寒山，拾得の実在そのものを含めて真偽のほどは確かめがたい。後世に禅僧などが彼らのふるまいや生活に憧れ，好画題として扱うことが多かった。顔輝 (がんき) ，因陀羅などに作品があり，日本でも可翁，明兆，松谿などが描いた。その詩は『寒山詩集』に寒山のもの約三百余首，拾得のもの約五十首を収め，すべて無題である。自然や隠遁を楽しむ歌のほか，俗世や偽善的な僧を批判するもの，さらに人間的な悩みから女性の生態を詠じたものまで，多彩な内容をもち，複数の作者を推測することもでき，さらにその成立もいくつかの段階を経ているとも考えられている。

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