A commercial, industrial and transportation city in the northwestern part of New York State, the United States, and the second largest city in the state. It is a port at the eastern end of Lake Erie, near the outlet of the Niagara River, and is connected to the St. Lawrence Seaway. The first European settlers were French hunters and Jesuit missionaries, but before the American Revolutionary War, it was a military settlement with Fort Niagara and other buildings. In 1797, the surrounding area became the property of the Dutch Land Company, and a town was built and named New Amsterdam. With the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, and with the progress of westward development, commerce developed as a key transportation point from the east to the west. After the Civil War, railroads converged in search of commercial routes and markets, and industry developed with the development of hydroelectric power at Niagara Falls at the end of the 19th century. The main industries are flour milling and steel, but other industries include rubber, aircraft, chemicals, and electrical appliances, and the city is characterized by its wide range of industries. The port handles 20 million tons of cargo per year, making it the largest inland port in the country. It is a center of atomic and space flight research, and has various universities, including the State University of New York at Buffalo, which was founded in 1846. It is also a tourist city at the entrance to Niagara Falls, and is home to the Albright-Knox Art Gallery and the History Museum. Population: 261,310 (2010). Buffalo |
アメリカ合衆国,ニューヨーク州北西部の商工業・交通都市で,同州第2の大都市。エリー湖の東端,ナイアガラ川への出口に近い港で,セントローレンス水路に通じている。最初に入植したヨーロッパ人はフランス人狩猟者とイエズス会派宣教師であったが,アメリカ独立戦争前はナイアガラ砦などがある軍事的集落であった。1797年付近一帯がオランダ土地会社の所有となり,町が建設され,ニューアムステルダムと命名。1825年エリー運河が完成し,西部開拓の進行に伴い,東部から西部への交通の要地として商業が発達。南北戦争後は,商業ルートと市場を求めて鉄道が集中し,19世紀末のナイアガラ瀑布の水力発電の開発とともに,工業が発展した。工業の中心は製粉と製鉄で,そのほかゴム,航空機,化学,電気器具などがあり,業種の多いのが特色。港は年間 2000万tの荷扱いがあり,国内でも最大の内陸港。原子力,宇宙飛行関係の研究の一中心をなし,1846年創立のニューヨーク州立大学バッファロー校など各種の大学がある。ナイアガラ瀑布入口の観光都市でもあり,オールブライト=ノックス・アート・ギャラリー,歴史博物館などがある。人口 26万1310(2010)。
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