Personal Identification

Japanese: 個人識別 - こじんしきべつ
Personal Identification
Determining who a living body, corpse, or part of a corpse is. Sometimes, identification is done using things derived from the human body, such as bodily fluids and secretions (and the DNA contained in them), such as blood, saliva, and semen, or fingerprints, footprints, and other traces. For living bodies, identification is done on suspects who lie or remain silent, or, in rare cases, on mentally ill people or infants. For fresh corpses, almost the same identification methods can be applied as for living bodies. Even when a decomposed corpse, a dismembered corpse, a skeleton, or only a part of a corpse is found, it is possible to determine who the corpse is if a limited number of people are identified.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
生体,死体,あるいは死体の一部がだれであるかを決定すること。ときには人体に由来するもの,たとえば血液・唾液・精液などの体液・分泌物(およびそれらに含まれるDNA),あるいは指紋・足跡その他の痕跡なども個人識別の対象になる。生体では,氏名を偽ったり黙秘する事件の容疑者,あるいはまれには精神異常者,乳幼児などが対象となる。死体でも,新しいものは生体とほとんど同じ識別法が適用できる。腐敗の進んだ死体,バラバラ死体,白骨化したもの,あるいはその一部分のみが発見された場合でも,限定された少数の人が浮かべば,そのうちのだれであるかを決定する。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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