It refers to a trial in which a defendant or suspect is detained in a penal institution for the purpose of completing the proceedings and its execution. The detention of a defendant is sometimes called "post-indictment detention," while the detention of a suspect is called "pre-indictment detention." The Code of Criminal Procedure stipulates that the provisions regarding the detention of a defendant apply mutatis mutandis to the detention of a suspect. The conditions for detaining a defendant are when there is sufficient reason to suspect that the defendant has committed a crime, such as (1) when the defendant has no fixed residence, (2) when there is sufficient reason to suspect that the defendant will destroy evidence, or (3) when there is sufficient reason to suspect that the defendant will flee or flee (Criminal Procedure Law, Article 60, Paragraph 1). In cases involving fines, detention, or fines below a certain amount, the only case that applies is (1). The period of detention of a defendant is two months from the date of indictment. If there is a particular need to continue, the period may be renewed every month by a decision that specifically states the reasons. However, renewal is limited to one time, except in cases where certain conditions are met that exclude mandatory bail. In principle, detention of a defendant cannot be carried out until the defendant has been informed of the case and has been heard to make a statement regarding the case (Criminal Procedure Law, Article 61). This is called detention questioning. The detention of a defendant must be carried out by issuing a detention warrant (Article 62 of the same law). In principle, the execution of a detention warrant is carried out by a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police officer under the direction of a public prosecutor. To execute a detention warrant, the defendant must be shown the warrant and taken to the designated penal institution as promptly and directly as possible. The requirements for detention of suspects are the same as those for defendants. In principle, the period of detention of suspects is 10 days, and if a judge finds there to be unavoidable circumstances, he or she may, at the request of the prosecutor, extend the detention period by a total of 10 days, and in special serious cases, by a further 5 days (Articles 208 and 208-2 of the same law). As a procedure after arrest, when the prosecutor requests detention within the time limit, the judge who receives the request for detention has the same authority as the court or the presiding judge with regard to the disposition (Article 207 of the same law). In other words, the provisions that the Code of Criminal Procedure grants to the court or the presiding judge regarding the detention of defendants also apply mutatis mutandis to judges who receive requests for detention during the investigation stage. However, since bail is not permitted before indictment, the provisions regarding bail do not apply mutatis mutandis. When a judge receives a request for detention as mentioned above, he or she must promptly issue a warrant of detention. However, if there is no reason for detention or the time limit is not met, the court shall immediately order the release of the suspect without issuing a warrant of detention. The place of detention of suspects is a penal institution (Article 207, Paragraph 1, Article 64, Paragraph 1 of the same law). Penal institutions also include so-called police detention houses. This is because the Law on Penal Detention Facilities and Treatment of Detainees (Law No. 50 of 2005) stipulates that instead of detaining in a penal institution, a person may be detained in a detention facility established by the police (Article 15, Paragraph 1 of the same law). These are called substitute penal institutions (formerly called substitute prisons). Therefore, the place of detention of suspects may be a detention house, which is a type of penal institution, or a police detention house, but in practice, the place of detention of suspects is often a substitute penal institution. In relation to measures related to detention, there is a system of disclosure of the reason for detention in accordance with the spirit of the latter part of Article 34 of the Constitution, the right to visit and communication and restrictions thereon, cancellation of detention, expiration of detention, bail, and a system of totalization of the original sentence for pretrial detention. [Ichiro Uchida and Morikazu Taguchi] [Reference items] | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
被告人または被疑者を、訴訟の遂行を全うする目的で、刑事施設に拘禁する裁判およびその執行をいう。被告人の勾留を起訴後の勾留とよび、被疑者の勾留を起訴前の勾留とよぶことがある。刑事訴訟法は、被告人の勾留に関する規定を被疑者の勾留に準用するという規定の仕方をしている。 被告人の勾留の要件は、被告人が罪を犯したことを疑うに足りる相当な理由がある場合で、(1)被告人が定まった住居を有しないとき、(2)被告人が罪証を隠滅すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき、(3)被告人が逃亡しまたは逃亡すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき、である(刑事訴訟法60条1項)。一定額以下の罰金、拘留または科料にあたる事件については、(1)のときに限る。被告人の勾留の期間は、公訴の提起があった日から2か月である。とくに継続の必要がある場合は、具体的にその理由を付した決定で、1か月ごとにこれを更新することができる。ただし、一定の必要的保釈除外事由にあたる場合を除いては、更新は1回に限る。被告人の勾留は、原則として被告人に対し被告事件を告げてこれに関する陳述を聴いたあとでなければ、これをすることができない(同法61条)。これを、勾留質問とよんでいる。被告人の勾留は、勾留状を発してこれを行わなければならない(同法62条)。勾留状の執行は、原則として検察官の指揮により検察事務官または司法警察職員がこれを行う。勾留状を執行するには、これを被告人に示したうえ、できる限り速やかに、かつ直接、指定された刑事施設に引致しなければならない。 被疑者の勾留の要件も被告人のそれと同じである。被疑者の勾留の期間は原則として10日であり、裁判官はやむをえない事由があると認めるときは、検察官の請求により、通じて10日、特殊な重大事件ではさらに通じて5日を超えない限度で勾留期間を延長することができる(同法208条、208条の2)。逮捕後の手続として、制限時間を遵守して検察官が勾留の請求をしたときは、勾留の請求を受けた裁判官は、その処分に関し裁判所または裁判長と同一の権限を有する(同法207条)。すなわち、被告人の勾留に関して刑事訴訟法が裁判所または裁判長に認めている規定が、捜査段階で勾留の請求を受けた裁判官にも準用されることになる。ただし、起訴前の保釈は認められていないので、保釈に関する規定は準用されない。裁判官は前記の勾留の請求を受けたときは、速やかに勾留状を発しなければならない。ただし、勾留の理由がなかったり、制限時間を遵守しなかったときは、勾留状を発しないで、ただちに被疑者の釈放を命じなければならない。 被疑者の勾留の場所は刑事施設である(同法207条1項、64条1項)。刑事施設には、いわゆる警察留置場も含まれる。刑事収容施設及び被収容者等の処遇に関する法律(平成17年法律第50号)が、刑事施設に収容することにかえて、警察に設置された留置施設に留置することができると規定しているからである(同法15条1項)。これを代用刑事施設とよんでいる(かつては、代用監獄とよばれていた)。したがって、被疑者の勾留の場所は、刑事施設の一種である拘置所の場合と警察留置場の場合とがあるが、実務では、被疑者の勾留の場所は代用刑事施設とされる場合が多い。勾留に関する処分に関連して、憲法第34条後段の趣旨に従った勾留理由開示の制度、接見交通権およびその制限、勾留の取消し、勾留の失効、保釈、未決勾留の本刑通算の制度などがある。 [内田一郎・田口守一] [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
...The color of physalis, chili peppers, egg yolk...
...However, it is known that the gallbladder repe...
… [Society, Economy, Culture] The social hierarch...
This incident occurred between March and December...
Five ways to admonish a monarch in China. In an au...
…He was active from the late 8th century to the e...
It mainly refers to the person in charge of managi...
The remains of an ancient mountain castle (Yamaji...
A military commander in the mid-Muromachi period....
A sulfide ore of iron. In Japan, pyrite (FeS 2 ) ...
Hazel fruit. Usually refers to the fruit of the We...
A monster that has been feared since ancient time...
…A general term for venomous snakes that do not h...
A collection of genealogies of feudal lords and va...
… Many xerophytes adapted to dry regions such as ...