Hukbalahap - Hukbalahap (English spelling)

The abbreviation for Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon, an anti-Japanese people's army formed in the Philippines during the Japanese occupation. In Japan, it is also called the Hukdan. It was formed in the forests of central Luzon on March 29, 1942. Central Luzon is the region with the highest rate of tenant farming in the Philippines, and in the 1930s, peasant movements affiliated with the Socialist Party and Communist Party were active. The Hukbalahap was formed with these peasant movements at its core, and with the participation of Manila workers, progressive intellectuals, and Chinese people, and aimed to resist the Japanese army and overthrow the landlord system. Led by Luis Taruc, their fighting power was the strongest among the anti-Japanese guerrillas, and by the time the US military began reoccupying Luzon in January 1945, they had almost liberated central Luzon with their own hands. However, the US military, which sided with the Philippine landlords, ordered the disarmament of the Hukbalahap and began to oppress them as soon as they occupied Manila.

After World War II, the Hukbalahap changed its name to the People's Liberation Army (HMB) and continued to wage armed resistance against the landlord-based, anti-communist, pro-American government, but its influence began to decline after Magsaysay came to power as Minister of Defense in the fall of 1950.

[Ikebata Yukiura]

"The History of the Philippine National Liberation Struggle" by Louis Tarc, translated by Masami Yasuoka (1953, San-ichi Shobo) "The Struggle of the Philippine Huks: Guerilla Forces in the Jungle" by W. J. Pomeroy, translated by Yuriko Kitani (1967, Rironsha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

日本占領時代フィリピンで結成された抗日人民軍Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Haponの略称。日本ではフク団ともよばれる。1942年3月29日、ルソン島中央部の森林の中で結成された。ルソン島中央部はフィリピンでもっとも小作率が高い地域で、30年代には社会党・共産党系の農民運動が盛んであった。フクバラハップはこれらの農民運動を中核に、マニラの労働者、進歩的知識人、中国人らが参加して結成され、日本軍への抵抗と地主制の打倒を目ざした。ルイス・タルクに率いられたその闘争力は抗日ゲリラ中最強で、45年1月アメリカ軍がルソン島再占領を開始したときには、ルソン島中央部はほとんど彼らの手で解放されていた。しかしフィリピンの地主勢力に味方するアメリカ軍は、マニラ占領と同時にフクバラハップの武装解除を命じ弾圧に乗り出した。

　第二次世界大戦後、フクバラハップは人民解放軍（HMB）と名称を改め、地主階級を基盤とする反共親米政権に武力抵抗を続けたが、1950年秋マグサイサイ国防大臣が登場して以後衰勢に向かった。

［池端雪浦］

『ルイス・タルク著、安岡正美訳『フィリピン民族解放闘争史』（1953・三一書房）』▽『W・J・ポメロイ著、木谷優梨子訳『比島フク団のたたかい　密林のゲリラ部隊』（1967・理論社）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例