pagus

Japanese: pagus

...However, the clan system was already in the process of collapse, and as mentioned above, a certain degree of hierarchical differentiation had progressed (in addition to nobles and freemen, there were also semi-freemen and slaves), which is thought to have made it possible for the civitas to be established as a political organization. According to the old theory, there were sub-organizations within the civitas such as the Gau (pagus) and the Hundertschaft, of which the Hundertschaft was considered to have had the function of a judicial organization, but recent theories tend to deny the existence of these sub-organizations. The collapse of the civitas and the formation of tribal states with established monarchies occurred during the period of the Great Migration (from the second half of the 4th century to the end of the 6th century). ...

From [Germanic people]

…The supreme will of the state was not decided unilaterally by the ruler, but by the Assembly, a general assembly of all adult males who had certain qualifications and were capable of armed battles. The Civitas were generally divided into several smaller units called pagus or gau, and the pagus were further divided into Hundertschafts. However, the relationship between these three was not necessarily uniform, and in the southwestern part of the country near Rome, the Civitas were generally small states, and it was not uncommon for the territories of the Civitas and the pagus to overlap, or for the pagus and the Hundertschaft to overlap. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "pagus" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…しかし，ともかく氏族制はすでに崩壊期に入りつつあり，前述のように，ある程度の階層分化が進行しており(貴族や自由人のほかに半自由人や奴隷もある)，このことが政治団体としてのキウィタスの成立を可能にしたものと考えられる。旧説によると，キウィタスの内部には〈ガウGau(pagus)〉や〈フンデルトシャフト〉のような下部組織があり，このうちフンデルトシャフトは裁判団体としての意味をもっていたとされたが，最近の学説はこれらの下部組織の存在を否定する傾向にある。キウィタスが崩壊して，確立された王政を伴う部族国家が形成されるようになったのは，民族大移動期(4世紀後半から6世紀末まで)のことに属する。…

【ゲルマン人】より

…国家の最高意志は，支配者により一方的にきめられるのではなく，一定の資格をそなえた武装能力のある成年男子全体の総会である民会できめられた。キウィタス内部は，一般にはパグスpagusまたはガウGauと呼ばれる幾つかの小単位に分かれ，パグスはさらにフンデルトシャフトに分かれるといわれる。しかしこの三つの関係は必ずしも画一的でなく，ローマに近い南西部にあっては，キウィタスはおおむね小邦であり，キウィタスとパグスの領域が合致するもの，あるいはパグスとフンデルトシャフトとが合致するケースもまれではなかった。…

※「pagus」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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