Zinc sulfide. It occurs naturally as zinc blende and rarely as wurtzite. It precipitates when ammonium sulfide is added to an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate or when hydrogen sulfide is passed through an aqueous solution of zinc acetate. It is a colorless powder. There are two crystal modifications: the low-temperature type (β (beta) type) has a zinc blende structure with a Zn-S bond spacing of 2.35 angstroms, and the high-temperature type (α (alpha) type) has a wurtzite structure with a Zn-S bond spacing of 2.36 angstroms. The transition temperature between these is 1020°C. It is practically insoluble in water. Newly formed precipitates are soluble in dilute inorganic acids, but older ones are less soluble. When treated for a long time with water containing hydrogen sulfide, it becomes a colloid and disperses. When it contains water, it gradually oxidizes in air to form zinc sulfate, but when dried at high heat, it becomes stable in air. Artificially produced luminescent material has fine particles and is used as a white pigment. It is widely used as lithopone when mixed with barium sulfate in paints, linoleum, rubber, etc. Zinc sulfide is also widely used as a phosphor when a small amount of radium is added. [Nakahara Katsunori] [Supplementary Material] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
亜鉛の硫化物。天然には閃亜鉛鉱(せんあえんこう)として、またまれにウルツ鉱として産する。硫酸亜鉛水溶液に硫化アンモニウムを加えるか、酢酸酸性亜鉛塩水溶液に硫化水素を通ずると沈殿する。無色の粉末。結晶は2変態があり、低温型(β(ベータ)型)が閃亜鉛鉱型構造で、結合間隔Zn-S 2.35オングストローム、高温型(α(アルファ)型)がウルツ鉱型構造で、結合間隔Zn-S 2.36オングストローム。これらの間の転移温度は1020℃。水にほとんど不溶。新しくつくった沈殿は希無機酸によく溶けるが、古いものは溶けにくくなる。硫化水素を含む水で長時間処理するとコロイドとなって分散する。水を含んだ状態では空気中で徐々に酸化されて硫酸亜鉛を生ずるが、灼熱(しゃくねつ)乾燥すると空気中で安定。 人工でつくったものは粒子が細かく白色顔料として用いられる。とくに硫酸バリウムと混ぜリトポンとしてペンキ、リノリウム、ゴムなどに広く用いられる。また硫化亜鉛に微量のラジウムを加えて広く蛍光体として用いられる。 [中原勝儼] [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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