Ruminant stomach

Japanese: 反芻胃 - はんすうい
Ruminant stomach

The stomach of ruminants, which are mammals in the order Artiodactyla, usually consists of four parts. From the front (esophagus side), they are called the rumen (hump), reticulum (reticulum, honeycomb), omasum (lobe, heavy valve), and abomasum (whelk). Up to the omasum, the histological structure is similar to the esophagus, and only the abomasum secretes gastric juices containing digestive enzymes. Food is digested in the rumen and reticulum, which contain many ciliates and bacteria, by enzymes such as cellulase produced by these symbiotic microorganisms, before being returned to the mouth and ruminated, and then passed through the omasum to the abomasum, where it is digested by the digestive enzymes in the stomach. Giraffidae, Bovidae, and Cervidae have four chambers, but Camelidae and Mouse Deer have three ruminal chambers, not separate omasum and abomasum.

[Sadao Yasugi]

[Reference] | Digestion

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哺乳(ほにゅう)綱偶蹄(ぐうてい)目の動物のうち反芻類がもつ胃で、通常四つの部分からなる。それらは前方(食道側)から第一胃(瘤(こぶ)胃)、第二胃(網胃、蜂巣胃)、第三胃(葉胃、重弁胃)、第四胃(皺(しわ)胃)とよばれる。第三胃までは組織学的に食道と類似しており、第四胃のみが消化酵素を含む胃液を分泌する。食物は、繊毛虫類や細菌類を多く含む第一、第二胃で、これらの共生微生物の産生するセルラーゼなどの酵素による消化を受けたのちに口腔(こうこう)へ戻されて反芻され、その後第三胃を経て第四胃に送られて胃の消化酵素による消化を受ける。キリン科、ウシ科、シカ科はこれら四室をもつが、ラクダ科とマメジカ科では第三胃と第四胃が独立せず、三つの反芻胃をもっている。

[八杉貞雄]

[参照項目] | 消化

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