Also called wood hydrolysis, this refers to the process of breaking down polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose), which make up 70-80% of wood, into monosaccharides. The resulting monosaccharides dissolve in water as glucose, xylose, etc. Lignin, which makes up 20-30% of wood, remains unhydrolyzed. The difficulty with wood saccharification is that it is difficult to obtain pure glucose. Acid hydrolysis was carried out in various countries around the world during World War II, but is now only in practical use in the former Soviet Union. Recently, attempts have been made to hydrolyze using enzymes, which have the advantage that decomposition proceeds under milder conditions than acid hydrolysis, and the monosaccharides produced do not decompose. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
木材加水分解ともいう。木材の7~8割を占める多糖(セルロースとヘミセルロース)を単糖に分解する操作をさす。得られる単糖はブドウ糖,キシロースなどで水に溶ける。木材の2~3割を占めるリグニンは加水分解されないままで残る。木材糖化の難点はブドウ糖が純粋に得にくいことにある。酸による加水分解工業は第2次大戦中世界各国で行われたが,今は旧ソ連のみで実用化されている。近時酵素による加水分解が試みられているが,酸によるものと比べて温和な条件で分解が進み,生成した単糖が分解しないという利点がある。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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