AMeDAS - Amedas

Japanese: AMeDAS - あめだす
AMeDAS - Amedas

Abbreviation for the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System, a regional meteorological observation system run by the Japan Meteorological Agency. It began operation in 1974. Observation data is automatically collected (every 10 minutes) from approximately 1,300 automated observation stations across the country (including remote islands) via telephone lines to the regional meteorological observation center (AMeDAS Center) within the Japan Meteorological Agency. The AMeDAS Center performs quality control on the observation data before sending it to meteorological offices, disaster prevention organizations, media organizations, private meteorological businesses, etc. across the country.

About 850 of the stations (roughly one station per 21 km square) observe precipitation, wind, temperature, and sunshine, while the rest only observe precipitation. In areas with heavy snowfall, ultrasonic snow depth gauges are installed at about 300 locations to observe snow depth. At manned observation stations, snow is piled up on a board called a "snow board," the snow depth is measured during the observation time, and the snow is cleared away for the next observation, but at AMeDAS, the snowfall amount is calculated by taking the difference in snow depth at hourly intervals and adding up only the values ​​when the snow has increased. Since 2006, AMeDAS has also incorporated observations from airports such as local aviation weather stations. In addition, observations of maximum instantaneous wind speeds began in March 2008, and the intervals between temperature observations have been shortened to allow for more detailed observations of maximum and minimum temperatures.

[Toshiaki Yasuda and Yoh Narumura]

"What's happening with the weather forecast?" (1988, Otsuki Shoten), edited by the All Weather Labor Union ; "NHK Weather Handbook," revised edition (1996, Japan Broadcasting Association), edited by the NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute ; "Internet Meteorology," by Tsubota Yukimasa and Yoshida Masaru (2002, Crime Weather Books Publishing Division)

[Reference] | Weather observation | Meteorological station | Japan Meteorological Agency

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

気象庁の地域気象観測システムAutomated Meteorological Data Acquisition Systemの略称。1974年(昭和49)から運用を開始した。全国(離島を含む)約1300か所に配置された自動観測所から電話回線を利用して観測値を自動的(10分ごと)に気象庁内の地域気象観測センター(アメダスセンター)に集めている。アメダスセンターは、観測値の品質管理を行ったうえで、全国各地の気象官署や防災機関や報道機関、民間気象事業者等に送っている。

 観測所のうち約850か所(ほぼ21キロメートル四方に1か所の割合)は雨量、風、気温、日照を観測し、ほかは雨量のみを観測する。多雪地帯においては、約300か所に超音波積雪深計を設置して積雪の深さを観測している。降雪量は、有人の観測所では「雪板(ゆきいた)」とよばれる板に雪を積もらせておき、観測時間に雪の深さを計り、次の観測のために雪を払っておくという方法で求めるが、アメダスでは、1時間間隔で積雪の深さの差をとり、増えた場合のみの値を合計することによって降雪量を求めている。2006年(平成18)からは、航空地方気象台など空港での観測値もアメダスに取り込まれている。また、2008年3月からは最大瞬間風速の観測を開始し、気温の観測間隔を短くして最高気温や最低気温をきめ細かく観測している。

[安田敏明・饒村 曜]

『全気象労働組合編『天気予報はどうなっているか』(1988・大月書店)』『NHK放送文化研究所編『NHK気象ハンドブック』改訂版(1996・日本放送出版協会)』『坪田幸政・吉田優著『インターネット気象学』(2002・クライム気象図書出版部)』

[参照項目] | 気象観測 | 気象台 | 気象庁

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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